An Investigation into Transport Protocols and Data Transport ...

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8.3. Results 164 200 BicTCP 1 BicTCP 2 10 BicTCP 1 BicTCP 2 150 8 cwnd (packets) 100 50 Goodput (mbit/sec) 6 4 2 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Time (seconds) 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Time (seconds) (a) Congestion Window (b) Goodput Figure 8.17: Unfairness between BicTCP flows (Symmetric network, 10Mbit/sec, 162ms RTT, queuesize 20% BDP). lems achieving fairness at low capacities and high latencies, although it is more capable at higher speeds. The problems at low capacities are shown in Figure 8.17 which shows that at such small values of cwnd, the plateau of BicTCP is almost non-evident, resulting in a simple aggressive additive increase algorithm. H-TCP appears to have to no problems achieving fairness across all network conditions, and was observed to be more fair than Standard TCP in these tests. Overhead The overhead of the New-TCP algorithms is shown in Figure 8.18. It can be seen that Standard TCP has the clear advantage in terms of this metric. At high latencies, FAST with its delay based congestion control manages to retransmit less data per unit of goodput than Standard TCP. But at lower capacities and latencies, the overhead of FAST is actually approximately two orders of magnitude worse than Standard TCP. Also, at the most extreme setting of 250Mbit/sec with 324ms delay, FAST’s goodput performance is
8.3. Results 165 Fraction Bytes Retransmitted per Mbit/sec 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 1e-04 1e-05 1e-06 StandardTCP 1e-07 BicTCP FAST 1e-08 HSTCP HTCP ScalableTCP 1e-09 10 100 RTT (msec) (a) 10Mbit/sec Bottleneck Capacity Fraction Bytes Retransmitted per Mbit/sec 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 1e-04 1e-05 1e-06 1e-07 1e-08 1e-09 10 100 RTT (msec) StandardTCP BicTCP FAST HSTCP HTCP ScalableTCP (b) 100Mbit/sec Bottleneck Capacity Fraction Bytes Retransmitted per Mbit/sec 0.01 0.001 1e-04 1e-05 1e-06 1e-07 1e-08 StandardTCP BicTCP FAST HSTCP HTCP ScalableTCP 1e-09 10 100 RTT (msec) (c) 250Mbit/sec Bottleneck Capacity Figure 8.18: Overhead of New-TCP algorithms with two competing TCP flows with symmetric network conditions (Bottleneck Queuesize set to 20% BDP). actually quite poor in relation to the other algorithms. This was found to be due to FAST requiring sufficiently provisioned bottleneck queue sizes in order to provide the multi-bit network information for FAST to be able to settle into a constant value of cwnd. Otherwise, FAST has to resort to an aggressive probing of bandwidth with large values of α, which induces loss and hence decreases efficiency. This is confirmed by [KRB05] which states that the queue has to be sized to enable the bursts of packets caused by this increase. The cwnd dynamic of FAST is shown in Figure 8.19. Under the lower latency network of 42ms, it can be seen that FAST is continuously attempting
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An Investigation into Transport Pro
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Contents List of Figures . . . . .
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Contents 5 4.6 Summary . . . . . .
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Contents 7 8.2 Test Calibration . .
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Contents 9 10.3.5 Further Tests . .
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List of Figures 11 5.7 Effect on cw
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List of Figures 13 8.16 Unfairness
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List of Figures 15 8.32 Friendlines
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List of Figures 17 9.19 Dynamic swi
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List of Figures 19 D.1 Internet pat
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List of Tables 21 A.1 Hardware and
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Publications And Workshops Some of
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1.2. Research Scope 25 • Identifi
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1.4. Dissertation Outline 27 • Id
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Chapter 2 High Energy Particle Phys
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2.2. Analysis Methods 31 the data i
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2.3. Data Volumes and Regional Cent
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2.3. Data Volumes and Regional Cent
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2.4. Data Transfer Requirements 37
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2.5. Summary 39 data, the most impo
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3.1. Data Intercommunication 41 mov
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3.2. Network Monitoring 43 Whilst l
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3.2. Network Monitoring 45 Internet
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3.2. Network Monitoring 47 1 0.8 Bo
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Chapter 4 Transmission Control Prot
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4.1. Overview 51 Throughput Delay L
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4.2. Protocol Description 53 is dep
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4.2. Protocol Description 55 As a r
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4.3. Congestion Control 57 excessiv
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4.3. Congestion Control 59 probe fo
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4.4. Retransmission Timeout 61 tion
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4.5. TCP Variants 63 mechanisms are
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4.5. TCP Variants 65 connection ini
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4.5. TCP Variants 67 20 15 cwnd sst
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4.5. TCP Variants 69 no more acks t
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4.5. TCP Variants 71 [Hoe96]. In bo
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4.5. TCP Variants 73 TCP Timestamps
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4.6. Summary 75 traffic for a parti
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Chapter 5 TCP For High Performance
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5.1. TCP Hardware Requirements 79 G
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5.1. TCP Hardware Requirements 81 1
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5.1. TCP Hardware Requirements 83 C
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5.2. TCP Tuning & Performance Impro
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5.3. Network Aid in Congestion Dete
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5.3. Network Aid in Congestion Dete
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5.4. Analysis of AIMD Congestion Co
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5.5. Summary 109 5.5 Summary Even t
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6.1. Survey of New-TCP Algorithms 1
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Page 125 and 126: 6.2. Discussion and Deployment Cons
Page 133 and 134: 6.3. Summary 133 6.3 Summary The re
Page 135 and 136: Chapter 7 Testing Framework for the
Page 137 and 138: 7.1. Metrics 137 various New-TCP al
Page 139 and 140: 7.1. Metrics 139 assuming equilibri
Page 141 and 142: 7.2. Environment 141 of packets in
Page 143 and 144: 7.2. Environment 143 T 0 B, T T 1 F
Page 145 and 146: Chapter 8 Systematic Tests of New-T
Page 147 and 148: 8.1. Methodology 147 fed into the d
Page 149 and 150: 8.1. Methodology 149 Various other
Page 151 and 152: 8.2. Test Calibration 151 Goodput (
Page 153 and 154: 8.2. Test Calibration 153 cwnd and
Page 155 and 156: 8.2. Test Calibration 155 100 1 Agg
Page 157 and 158: 8.2. Test Calibration 157 1000 FAST
Page 159 and 160: 8.3. Results 159 10 100 Total Throu
Page 161 and 162: 8.3. Results 161 14 12 HSTCP 1 α H
Page 163: 8.3. Results 163 cwnd (packets) 120
Page 167 and 168: 8.3. Results 167 1200 1000 HTCP 1 H
Page 169 and 170: 8.3. Results 169 This is due to the
Page 171 and 172: 8.3. Results 171 4000 3500 3000 HTC
Page 173 and 174: 8.3. Results 173 800 700 600 Standa
Page 175 and 176: 8.3. Results 175 1 1 Fairness Ratio
Page 177 and 178: 8.3. Results 177 10 100 Total Throu
Page 179 and 180: 8.3. Results 179 1000 Standard TCP
Page 181 and 182: 8.3. Results 181 600 500 Standard T
Page 183 and 184: 8.4. Discussion of Results 183 Asym
Page 185 and 186: 8.4. Discussion of Results 185 New-
Page 187 and 188: 8.4. Discussion of Results 187 Asym
Page 189 and 190: 8.5. Summary 189 The importance of
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9.2. Preferential Flow Handling Usi
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9.3. Internet Transfers 229 can cau
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9.3. Internet Transfers 231 Stanfor
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9.3. Internet Transfers 233 10 1 St
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9.3. Internet Transfers 235 1000 90
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9.3. Internet Transfers 237 Fractio
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9.3. Internet Transfers 239 10000 c
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9.3. Internet Transfers 241 achieve
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9.4. Summary 243 performance of sin
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9.4. Summary 245 Nevertheless, a Di
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10.1. Summary 247 PCs. But at 1Gb/s
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10.2. New-TCP Suitability Study 249
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10.2. New-TCP Suitability Study 251
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10.3. Future Directions 253 low ove
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10.3. Future Directions 255 porates
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10.3. Future Directions 257 A more
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10.4. Conclusion 259 This dissertat
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A.1. Data Storage 261 with the choi
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A.1. Data Storage 263 gether with h
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A.1. Data Storage 265 The virtual m
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A.1. Data Storage 267 Read Speed (M
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A.1. Data Storage 269 Read Speed (M
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A.1. Data Storage 271 1600 1600 140
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 273 la
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 275 de
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 277 of
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 279 PC
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 281 70
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 283 Th
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 285 20
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 287 ha
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B.2. Wide Area Network Tests 289 Da
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C.3. DataTAG 291 Cisco 7606 Cisco 7
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Appendix D Network Paths of Interne
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295 ham02gva.datatag.org:192.91.239
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Bibliography 297 [All03] [AMA + 99]
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Bibliography 299 [BPSK96] H. Balakr
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Bibliography 301 [DC02] [ea02] [FF9
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Bibliography 303 [Flo03] [Flo04] S.
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Bibliography 305 [Hoe96] [IET] [Jac
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Bibliography 307 [KRB05] [Lah00] [L
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Bibliography 309 [MHR03] [MM96] M.
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Bibliography 311 [Pos81a] J. Postel
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Bibliography 313 [tePM] IEPM Intern
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