An Investigation into Transport Protocols and Data Transport ...

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9.1. Transfer Tests Across Dedicated Private Wide Area Networks 202 Normalised Goodput (mbit/sec) 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 Mean Goodput 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 Mean TCP Flow Goodput (mbit/sec) Normalised Goodput (mbit/sec) 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 Mean Goodput 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 Mean TCP Flow Goodput (mbit/sec) 0 2 3 5 9 17 25 33 49 Number of Flows 0 0 2 3 5 9 17 25 33 49 Number of Flows 0 (a) HSTCP (b) ScalableTCP Normalised Goodput (mbit/sec) 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 Mean Goodput 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 Mean TCP Flow Goodput (mbit/sec) Normalised Goodput (mbit/sec) 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 Mean Goodput 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 Mean TCP Flow Goodput (mbit/sec) 0 2 3 5 9 17 25 33 49 Number of Flows 0 0 2 3 5 9 17 25 33 49 Number of Flows 0 (c) H-TCP (d) Standard TCP Figure 9.9: Fairness between various number of concurrent parallel New-TCP flows on DataTAG. 80%. ScalableTCP achieves similar goodputs to that of the other New-TCP algorithms with a small number of flows, but is able to achieve utilisation with more flows. Figures 9.8 and 9.9 show the fairness distributions of running numerous concurrently parallel flows of each algorithm. Under the low latency network of MB-NG, it was observed that ScalableTCP appears to have poor fairness for 5 or more flows, with 33 flows demonstrating severe unfairness. However, this is also true of the other algorithms - including Standard TCP. It can be argued that the fairness performances of HSTCP, H-TCP and Standard TCP are comparable under this low latency environment. With the longer latencies of DataTAG, the lower mean goodput of each Standard TCP flow is apparent. Out of all of the algorithms, H-TCP appears to have the best fairness, with the smallest distribution of goodputs for all
9.1. Transfer Tests Across Dedicated Private Wide Area Networks 203 3 2.5 HSTCP HTCP ScalableTCP Unity 3 2.5 HSTCP HTCP ScalableTCP Unity 2 2 Impact 1.5 Impact 1.5 1 1 0.5 0.5 0 1 10 Number of Standard TCP Flows 0 1 10 Number of Standard TCP Flows (a) 1 New-TCP Flow (b) 10 New-TCP Flow Figure 9.10: Impact of New-TCP flows on Standard TCP Bulk Traffic on MB-NG. number of flows. HSTCP shows similar fairness profiles to that of Standard TCP. This is expected due to the deviation towards standard AIMD parameters with smaller cwnd values of each flow. The unfairness experienced between Standard TCP flows is primarily due to the lack of congestion epochs between flows which keeps the flows at fixed unfairness for a longer period. ScalableTCP has clearly the largest spread of goodputs and is therefore the least fair of the algorithms shown. It also suffers from consistently high number of outlying points suggesting that a small number of flows always achieves large values of goodput compared to the other flows. 9.1.6 Results: Impact Figures 9.10 and 9.11 show the impact of running 1 and 10 New-TCP flows upon various numbers of Standard TCP bulk transport flows. As noted before, an impact greater than unity implies the degree of unfairness between the Standard TCP flows and New-TCP flows. In both networks, impact tends to unity due to the decreased average goodput per flow due to sharing of the network capacity. Under MB-NG, it was observed that these New-TCP algorithms are rela-
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An Investigation into Transport Pro
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Contents List of Figures . . . . .
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Contents 5 4.6 Summary . . . . . .
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Contents 7 8.2 Test Calibration . .
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Contents 9 10.3.5 Further Tests . .
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List of Figures 11 5.7 Effect on cw
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List of Figures 13 8.16 Unfairness
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List of Figures 15 8.32 Friendlines
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List of Figures 17 9.19 Dynamic swi
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List of Figures 19 D.1 Internet pat
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List of Tables 21 A.1 Hardware and
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Publications And Workshops Some of
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1.2. Research Scope 25 • Identifi
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1.4. Dissertation Outline 27 • Id
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Chapter 2 High Energy Particle Phys
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2.2. Analysis Methods 31 the data i
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2.3. Data Volumes and Regional Cent
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2.3. Data Volumes and Regional Cent
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2.4. Data Transfer Requirements 37
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2.5. Summary 39 data, the most impo
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3.1. Data Intercommunication 41 mov
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3.2. Network Monitoring 43 Whilst l
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3.2. Network Monitoring 45 Internet
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3.2. Network Monitoring 47 1 0.8 Bo
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Chapter 4 Transmission Control Prot
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4.1. Overview 51 Throughput Delay L
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4.2. Protocol Description 53 is dep
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4.2. Protocol Description 55 As a r
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4.3. Congestion Control 57 excessiv
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4.3. Congestion Control 59 probe fo
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4.4. Retransmission Timeout 61 tion
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4.5. TCP Variants 63 mechanisms are
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4.5. TCP Variants 65 connection ini
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4.5. TCP Variants 67 20 15 cwnd sst
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4.5. TCP Variants 69 no more acks t
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4.5. TCP Variants 71 [Hoe96]. In bo
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4.5. TCP Variants 73 TCP Timestamps
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4.6. Summary 75 traffic for a parti
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Chapter 5 TCP For High Performance
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5.1. TCP Hardware Requirements 79 G
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5.1. TCP Hardware Requirements 81 1
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5.1. TCP Hardware Requirements 83 C
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5.2. TCP Tuning & Performance Impro
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5.3. Network Aid in Congestion Dete
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5.3. Network Aid in Congestion Dete
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5.4. Analysis of AIMD Congestion Co
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5.5. Summary 109 5.5 Summary Even t
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6.1. Survey of New-TCP Algorithms 1
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6.2. Discussion and Deployment Cons
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6.3. Summary 133 6.3 Summary The re
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Chapter 7 Testing Framework for the
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7.1. Metrics 137 various New-TCP al
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7.1. Metrics 139 assuming equilibri
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7.2. Environment 141 of packets in
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7.2. Environment 143 T 0 B, T T 1 F
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Chapter 8 Systematic Tests of New-T
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8.1. Methodology 147 fed into the d
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8.1. Methodology 149 Various other
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Page 153 and 154: 8.2. Test Calibration 153 cwnd and
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Page 157 and 158: 8.2. Test Calibration 157 1000 FAST
Page 159 and 160: 8.3. Results 159 10 100 Total Throu
Page 161 and 162: 8.3. Results 161 14 12 HSTCP 1 α H
Page 163 and 164: 8.3. Results 163 cwnd (packets) 120
Page 165 and 166: 8.3. Results 165 Fraction Bytes Ret
Page 167 and 168: 8.3. Results 167 1200 1000 HTCP 1 H
Page 169 and 170: 8.3. Results 169 This is due to the
Page 171 and 172: 8.3. Results 171 4000 3500 3000 HTC
Page 173 and 174: 8.3. Results 173 800 700 600 Standa
Page 175 and 176: 8.3. Results 175 1 1 Fairness Ratio
Page 177 and 178: 8.3. Results 177 10 100 Total Throu
Page 179 and 180: 8.3. Results 179 1000 Standard TCP
Page 181 and 182: 8.3. Results 181 600 500 Standard T
Page 183 and 184: 8.4. Discussion of Results 183 Asym
Page 185 and 186: 8.4. Discussion of Results 185 New-
Page 187 and 188: 8.4. Discussion of Results 187 Asym
Page 189 and 190: 8.5. Summary 189 The importance of
Page 191 and 192: 9.1. Transfer Tests Across Dedicate
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Page 229 and 230: 9.3. Internet Transfers 229 can cau
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Page 243 and 244: 9.4. Summary 243 performance of sin
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Page 247 and 248: 10.1. Summary 247 PCs. But at 1Gb/s
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10.3. Future Directions 253 low ove
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10.3. Future Directions 255 porates
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10.3. Future Directions 257 A more
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10.4. Conclusion 259 This dissertat
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A.1. Data Storage 261 with the choi
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A.1. Data Storage 263 gether with h
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A.1. Data Storage 265 The virtual m
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A.1. Data Storage 267 Read Speed (M
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A.1. Data Storage 269 Read Speed (M
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A.1. Data Storage 271 1600 1600 140
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 273 la
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 275 de
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 277 of
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 279 PC
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 281 70
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 283 Th
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 285 20
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 287 ha
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B.2. Wide Area Network Tests 289 Da
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C.3. DataTAG 291 Cisco 7606 Cisco 7
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Appendix D Network Paths of Interne
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295 ham02gva.datatag.org:192.91.239
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Bibliography 297 [All03] [AMA + 99]
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Bibliography 299 [BPSK96] H. Balakr
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Bibliography 301 [DC02] [ea02] [FF9
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Bibliography 303 [Flo03] [Flo04] S.
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Bibliography 305 [Hoe96] [IET] [Jac
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Bibliography 307 [KRB05] [Lah00] [L
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Bibliography 309 [MHR03] [MM96] M.
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Bibliography 311 [Pos81a] J. Postel
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Bibliography 313 [tePM] IEPM Intern
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