An Investigation into Transport Protocols and Data Transport ...

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9.1. Transfer Tests Across Dedicated Private Wide Area Networks 196 observed slight increase in the goodput in Figure 9.1. Conversely, the decrease factor of H-TCP is programmed such that cwnd ← β × cwnd and therefore, the calculation upon loss actually results in a lower cwnd and goodput. The effect of this is most notable on the MB-NG network. The observed higher goodput achieved with Standard TCP on the DataTAG link is attributed to the method by which packets are dropped by the receiver and the limited duration of the test. As the counting of packets also include those under slow start, a large initial value of cwnd occurs due to the exponential increase of slow start. Therefore, with lower loss rates, a high average for the goodput is achieved due to the goodput bias as a result of slow start. This effect is less apparent for the New-TCP algorithms due to the fast(er) increases in α which ensures a fair number of congestion epochs and therefore stable operation of congestion avoidance. A solution to this bias would be to run the tests of Standard TCP for a prolonged period of time. However, due to to practical reasons this was not feasible. On both networks, as lower loss rates result in goodputs reaching 1Gb/sec, the New-TCP flows are no longer limited by the dynamics of cwnd, but by physical limitations of the NIC which causes saturation of goodput at the physical line rate. 9.1.3 Results: CBR Background Traffic with 1 New- TCP Flow Figure 9.3 shows the goodput achieved by a single TCP flow competing against various loads of CBR traffic along both MB-NG and DataTAG. Under MB-NG, all of the algorithms achieve roughly the same throughput; with H- TCP actually being able to get a little more bandwidth than all of the other
9.1. Transfer Tests Across Dedicated Private Wide Area Networks 197 1000 800 HSTCP HTCP ScalableTCP Standard TCP 1000 800 HSTCP HTCP ScalableTCP Standard TCP TCP Goodput (mbit/sec) 600 400 200 TCP Goodput (mbit/sec) 600 400 200 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 CBR BG Rate (mbit/sec) (a) MBNG 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 CBR BG Rate (mbit/sec) (b) DataTAG Figure 9.3: Goodput of a single TCP flow against various Background Loads. Aggregate TCP Goodput (mbit/sec) 1000 800 600 400 200 HSTCP HTCP ScalableTCP Standard TCP Aggregate TCP Goodput (mbit/sec) 1000 800 600 400 200 HSTCP HTCP ScalableTCP Standard TCP 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 CBR BG Rate (mbit/sec) (a) MBNG 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 CBR BG Rate (mbit/sec) (b) DataTAG Figure 9.4: Goodput of 10 New-TCP flows against various CBR Background Loads. algorithms. ScalableTCP (and less so with HSTCP) flows apparently achieve lower goodput for regions of low competing background rates. However, tests on the DataTAG testbed shows very different goodput profiles for each New-TCP algorithm which are discussed in depth in Section 9.1.7.
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An Investigation into Transport Pro
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Contents List of Figures . . . . .
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Contents 5 4.6 Summary . . . . . .
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Contents 7 8.2 Test Calibration . .
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Contents 9 10.3.5 Further Tests . .
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List of Figures 11 5.7 Effect on cw
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List of Figures 13 8.16 Unfairness
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List of Figures 15 8.32 Friendlines
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List of Figures 17 9.19 Dynamic swi
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List of Figures 19 D.1 Internet pat
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List of Tables 21 A.1 Hardware and
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Publications And Workshops Some of
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1.2. Research Scope 25 • Identifi
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1.4. Dissertation Outline 27 • Id
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Chapter 2 High Energy Particle Phys
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2.2. Analysis Methods 31 the data i
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2.3. Data Volumes and Regional Cent
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2.3. Data Volumes and Regional Cent
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2.4. Data Transfer Requirements 37
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2.5. Summary 39 data, the most impo
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3.1. Data Intercommunication 41 mov
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3.2. Network Monitoring 43 Whilst l
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3.2. Network Monitoring 45 Internet
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3.2. Network Monitoring 47 1 0.8 Bo
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Chapter 4 Transmission Control Prot
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4.1. Overview 51 Throughput Delay L
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4.2. Protocol Description 53 is dep
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4.2. Protocol Description 55 As a r
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4.3. Congestion Control 57 excessiv
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4.3. Congestion Control 59 probe fo
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4.4. Retransmission Timeout 61 tion
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4.5. TCP Variants 63 mechanisms are
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4.5. TCP Variants 65 connection ini
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4.5. TCP Variants 67 20 15 cwnd sst
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4.5. TCP Variants 69 no more acks t
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4.5. TCP Variants 71 [Hoe96]. In bo
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4.5. TCP Variants 73 TCP Timestamps
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4.6. Summary 75 traffic for a parti
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Chapter 5 TCP For High Performance
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5.1. TCP Hardware Requirements 79 G
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5.1. TCP Hardware Requirements 81 1
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5.1. TCP Hardware Requirements 83 C
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5.2. TCP Tuning & Performance Impro
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5.3. Network Aid in Congestion Dete
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5.3. Network Aid in Congestion Dete
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5.4. Analysis of AIMD Congestion Co
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5.5. Summary 109 5.5 Summary Even t
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6.1. Survey of New-TCP Algorithms 1
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6.2. Discussion and Deployment Cons
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6.3. Summary 133 6.3 Summary The re
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Chapter 7 Testing Framework for the
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7.1. Metrics 137 various New-TCP al
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7.1. Metrics 139 assuming equilibri
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7.2. Environment 141 of packets in
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7.2. Environment 143 T 0 B, T T 1 F
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Page 147 and 148: 8.1. Methodology 147 fed into the d
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Page 153 and 154: 8.2. Test Calibration 153 cwnd and
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Page 157 and 158: 8.2. Test Calibration 157 1000 FAST
Page 159 and 160: 8.3. Results 159 10 100 Total Throu
Page 161 and 162: 8.3. Results 161 14 12 HSTCP 1 α H
Page 163 and 164: 8.3. Results 163 cwnd (packets) 120
Page 165 and 166: 8.3. Results 165 Fraction Bytes Ret
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Page 169 and 170: 8.3. Results 169 This is due to the
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Page 173 and 174: 8.3. Results 173 800 700 600 Standa
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Page 183 and 184: 8.4. Discussion of Results 183 Asym
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Page 189 and 190: 8.5. Summary 189 The importance of
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10.1. Summary 247 PCs. But at 1Gb/s
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10.2. New-TCP Suitability Study 249
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10.2. New-TCP Suitability Study 251
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10.3. Future Directions 253 low ove
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10.3. Future Directions 255 porates
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10.3. Future Directions 257 A more
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10.4. Conclusion 259 This dissertat
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A.1. Data Storage 261 with the choi
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A.1. Data Storage 263 gether with h
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A.1. Data Storage 265 The virtual m
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A.1. Data Storage 267 Read Speed (M
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A.1. Data Storage 269 Read Speed (M
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A.1. Data Storage 271 1600 1600 140
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 273 la
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 275 de
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 277 of
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 279 PC
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 281 70
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 283 Th
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 285 20
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 287 ha
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B.2. Wide Area Network Tests 289 Da
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C.3. DataTAG 291 Cisco 7606 Cisco 7
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Appendix D Network Paths of Interne
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295 ham02gva.datatag.org:192.91.239
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Bibliography 297 [All03] [AMA + 99]
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Bibliography 299 [BPSK96] H. Balakr
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Bibliography 301 [DC02] [ea02] [FF9
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Bibliography 303 [Flo03] [Flo04] S.
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Bibliography 305 [Hoe96] [IET] [Jac
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Bibliography 307 [KRB05] [Lah00] [L
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Bibliography 309 [MHR03] [MM96] M.
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Bibliography 311 [Pos81a] J. Postel
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Bibliography 313 [tePM] IEPM Intern
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