An Investigation into Transport Protocols and Data Transport ...

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List of Tables 2.1 The expected traffic volumes of the ATLAS LHC Experiment compared to that of commodity Production volumes [New05]. 33 2.2 Overview of Transport requirements for different Tiers based upon the type of end-to-end connection. . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 8.1 Summary goodput (in Mbit/sec) of two competing New-TCP flows at 250Mbit/sec bottleneck and 82ms RTT. . . . . . . . . 182 8.2 Summary fairness of two competing New-TCP flows at 250Mbit/sec bottleneck and 82ms RTT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 8.3 Summary convergence times (seconds) of two competing New- TCP flows at 250Mbit/sec bottleneck and 82ms RTT under Symmetric network conditions (20% BDP queue-size). . . . . . 185 8.4 Summary overhead (Bytes/Mbit/sec × 1e-7) of two competing New-TCP flows at 250Mbit/sec bottleneck and 82ms RTT. . . 187 9.1 Number of individual New-TCP measurements to each site. . . 231 10.1 Overview of Recommended New-TCP algorithms for different Tiers based upon the type of end-to-end connection. . . . . . . 252 20
List of Tables 21 A.1 Hardware and software configuration of PCs used for RAID performance tests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264 A.2 RAID Controllers under investigation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264 A.3 Hard disk models used in RAID tests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264 A.4 Summary of Read and Write Speeds of 2GB Files for controllers configured as RAID 0 and RAID 5 with vm.maxreadahead=1200. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 A.5 Hardware and Software Configuration of PCs used for NIC performance testing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277 A.6 Hardware and Software Configuration of High Performance Itanium PCs used for NIC performance testing. . . . . . . . . 277 A.7 Hardware and Software Configuration of NICs tested. . . . . . 277 A.8 Theoretical data rates of PCI bus speeds. . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 A.9 Theoretical data rates of various NIC speeds. . . . . . . . . . . 279 A.10 Theoretical memory data rates of PCs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 A.11 Theoretical combined data rates of PCs . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280 B.1 Hardware and Software Configuration of Dummynet Testbed PCs router. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288 B.2 Hardware and Software Configuration of MB-NG and DataTAG Testbed PCs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289 B.3 Hardware and Software Configuration of PC used for Internet transfers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
Page 1 and 2: An Investigation into Transport Pro
Page 3 and 4: Contents List of Figures . . . . .
Page 5 and 6: Contents 5 4.6 Summary . . . . . .
Page 7 and 8: Contents 7 8.2 Test Calibration . .
Page 9 and 10: Contents 9 10.3.5 Further Tests . .
Page 11 and 12: List of Figures 11 5.7 Effect on cw
Page 13 and 14: List of Figures 13 8.16 Unfairness
Page 15 and 16: List of Figures 15 8.32 Friendlines
Page 17 and 18: List of Figures 17 9.19 Dynamic swi
Page 19: List of Figures 19 D.1 Internet pat
Page 23 and 24: Publications And Workshops Some of
Page 25 and 26: 1.2. Research Scope 25 • Identifi
Page 27 and 28: 1.4. Dissertation Outline 27 • Id
Page 29 and 30: Chapter 2 High Energy Particle Phys
Page 31 and 32: 2.2. Analysis Methods 31 the data i
Page 33 and 34: 2.3. Data Volumes and Regional Cent
Page 35 and 36: 2.3. Data Volumes and Regional Cent
Page 37 and 38: 2.4. Data Transfer Requirements 37
Page 39 and 40: 2.5. Summary 39 data, the most impo
Page 41 and 42: 3.1. Data Intercommunication 41 mov
Page 43 and 44: 3.2. Network Monitoring 43 Whilst l
Page 45 and 46: 3.2. Network Monitoring 45 Internet
Page 47 and 48: 3.2. Network Monitoring 47 1 0.8 Bo
Page 49 and 50: Chapter 4 Transmission Control Prot
Page 51 and 52: 4.1. Overview 51 Throughput Delay L
Page 53 and 54: 4.2. Protocol Description 53 is dep
Page 55 and 56: 4.2. Protocol Description 55 As a r
Page 57 and 58: 4.3. Congestion Control 57 excessiv
Page 59 and 60: 4.3. Congestion Control 59 probe fo
Page 61 and 62: 4.4. Retransmission Timeout 61 tion
Page 63 and 64: 4.5. TCP Variants 63 mechanisms are
Page 65 and 66: 4.5. TCP Variants 65 connection ini
Page 67 and 68: 4.5. TCP Variants 67 20 15 cwnd sst
Page 69 and 70: 4.5. TCP Variants 69 no more acks t
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4.5. TCP Variants 71 [Hoe96]. In bo
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4.5. TCP Variants 73 TCP Timestamps
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4.6. Summary 75 traffic for a parti
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Chapter 5 TCP For High Performance
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5.1. TCP Hardware Requirements 79 G
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5.1. TCP Hardware Requirements 81 1
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5.1. TCP Hardware Requirements 83 C
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5.2. TCP Tuning & Performance Impro
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5.3. Network Aid in Congestion Dete
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5.3. Network Aid in Congestion Dete
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5.4. Analysis of AIMD Congestion Co
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5.5. Summary 109 5.5 Summary Even t
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6.1. Survey of New-TCP Algorithms 1
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6.2. Discussion and Deployment Cons
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6.3. Summary 133 6.3 Summary The re
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Chapter 7 Testing Framework for the
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7.1. Metrics 137 various New-TCP al
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7.1. Metrics 139 assuming equilibri
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7.2. Environment 141 of packets in
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7.2. Environment 143 T 0 B, T T 1 F
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Chapter 8 Systematic Tests of New-T
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8.1. Methodology 147 fed into the d
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8.1. Methodology 149 Various other
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8.2. Test Calibration 151 Goodput (
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8.2. Test Calibration 153 cwnd and
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8.2. Test Calibration 155 100 1 Agg
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8.2. Test Calibration 157 1000 FAST
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8.3. Results 159 10 100 Total Throu
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8.3. Results 161 14 12 HSTCP 1 α H
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8.3. Results 163 cwnd (packets) 120
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8.3. Results 165 Fraction Bytes Ret
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8.3. Results 167 1200 1000 HTCP 1 H
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8.3. Results 169 This is due to the
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8.3. Results 171 4000 3500 3000 HTC
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8.3. Results 173 800 700 600 Standa
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8.3. Results 175 1 1 Fairness Ratio
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8.3. Results 177 10 100 Total Throu
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8.3. Results 179 1000 Standard TCP
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8.3. Results 181 600 500 Standard T
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8.4. Discussion of Results 183 Asym
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8.4. Discussion of Results 185 New-
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8.4. Discussion of Results 187 Asym
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8.5. Summary 189 The importance of
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9.1. Transfer Tests Across Dedicate
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9.2. Preferential Flow Handling Usi
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9.3. Internet Transfers 229 can cau
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9.3. Internet Transfers 231 Stanfor
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9.3. Internet Transfers 233 10 1 St
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9.3. Internet Transfers 235 1000 90
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9.3. Internet Transfers 237 Fractio
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9.3. Internet Transfers 239 10000 c
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9.3. Internet Transfers 241 achieve
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9.4. Summary 243 performance of sin
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9.4. Summary 245 Nevertheless, a Di
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10.1. Summary 247 PCs. But at 1Gb/s
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10.2. New-TCP Suitability Study 249
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10.2. New-TCP Suitability Study 251
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10.3. Future Directions 253 low ove
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10.3. Future Directions 255 porates
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10.3. Future Directions 257 A more
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10.4. Conclusion 259 This dissertat
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A.1. Data Storage 261 with the choi
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A.1. Data Storage 263 gether with h
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A.1. Data Storage 265 The virtual m
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A.1. Data Storage 267 Read Speed (M
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A.1. Data Storage 269 Read Speed (M
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A.1. Data Storage 271 1600 1600 140
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 273 la
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 275 de
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 277 of
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 279 PC
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 281 70
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 283 Th
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 285 20
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 287 ha
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B.2. Wide Area Network Tests 289 Da
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C.3. DataTAG 291 Cisco 7606 Cisco 7
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Appendix D Network Paths of Interne
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295 ham02gva.datatag.org:192.91.239
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Bibliography 297 [All03] [AMA + 99]
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Bibliography 299 [BPSK96] H. Balakr
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Bibliography 301 [DC02] [ea02] [FF9
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Bibliography 303 [Flo03] [Flo04] S.
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Bibliography 305 [Hoe96] [IET] [Jac
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Bibliography 307 [KRB05] [Lah00] [L
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Bibliography 309 [MHR03] [MM96] M.
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Bibliography 311 [Pos81a] J. Postel
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Bibliography 313 [tePM] IEPM Intern
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