An Investigation into Transport Protocols and Data Transport ...

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9.2. Preferential Flow Handling Using DiffServ 224 cwnd and ssthresh (packets) 30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 cwnd ssthresh cwnd and ssthresh (packets) 30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 cwnd ssthresh 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Time (seconds) (a) 70% AF with Congestion Moderation 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Time (seconds) (b) 70% AF without Congestion Moderation cwnd and ssthresh (packets) 30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 cwnd ssthresh cwnd and ssthresh (packets) 30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 cwnd ssthresh 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Time (seconds) (c) 90% AF with Congestion Moderation 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Time (seconds) (d) 90% AF without Congestion Moderation Figure 9.24: Effect of Congestion Moderation on ScalableTCP with 70% and 90% AF allocation. in the cwnd dynamic for the 70% and 90% AF bandwidth allocations as the probability of dubious events that cause moderate_cwnd() function calls with is higher due to the increased bandwidth delay product with larger AF allocations. The absence of congestion moderation appears to be more beneficial for the 700Mbit/sec AF bandwidth allocation, whereas the problem is only partially solved for a 900Mbit/sec AF allocation. Figure 9.24 shows the cwnd dynamics of ScalableTCP with and without congestion moderation at 70% and 90% AF bandwidth allocation. Similar to the results observed for HSTCP, the improvement gained without congestion moderation under 70% AF allocation is dramatic based on reduction of the large decreases in cwnd after congestion detection. However, the results
9.2. Preferential Flow Handling Using DiffServ 225 under 90% AF allocation still show serious problems with the cwnd dynamic which consequently results in reduced goodput performance. The main difference between ScalableTCP and HS-TCP flows are that the occurrence of the slow start like events for HS-TCP are much lower, making the effects of the congestion moderation much less noticeable. As such, the HS-TCP cwnd dynamics are much cleaner and nearer to the theoretical traces than those of Scalable TCP. However, having congestion moderation turned off has less overall effect on the cwnd dynamics when AF is allocated 900Mbit/sec - regardless of the TCP algorithm used. The inference is that even without the implications of congestion moderation, SACK processing is still a dominant factor which causes cwnd dynamic deviations from theory that result in the observed decreased goodput performance. When the AF allocation is 700Mbit/sec, it was observed that the dominant factor is congestion moderation - as the removal of the function call completely resolves the problem of deviations of the cwnd dynamic from theory. But when the AF allocation is 900Mbit/sec, the flux of SACKs is so high that removing the congestion moderation code only partially resolves the problems of cwnd dynamics entering low values. 9.2.5 Active Queue Management In this section, the negative effects of SACK processing are mitigated using an active queue management solution. The objective was to lower the rate of SACK events after multiple drops and therefore allow the sending host to process the SACK Blocks appropriately. Neither Standard TCP nor HSTCP experienced as many slow-starts as ScalableTCP. Therefore, an AQM solution was implemented for ScalableTCP
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An Investigation into Transport Pro
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Contents List of Figures . . . . .
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Contents 5 4.6 Summary . . . . . .
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Contents 7 8.2 Test Calibration . .
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Contents 9 10.3.5 Further Tests . .
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List of Figures 11 5.7 Effect on cw
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List of Figures 13 8.16 Unfairness
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List of Figures 15 8.32 Friendlines
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List of Figures 17 9.19 Dynamic swi
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List of Figures 19 D.1 Internet pat
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List of Tables 21 A.1 Hardware and
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Publications And Workshops Some of
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1.2. Research Scope 25 • Identifi
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1.4. Dissertation Outline 27 • Id
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Chapter 2 High Energy Particle Phys
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2.2. Analysis Methods 31 the data i
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2.3. Data Volumes and Regional Cent
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2.3. Data Volumes and Regional Cent
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2.4. Data Transfer Requirements 37
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2.5. Summary 39 data, the most impo
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3.1. Data Intercommunication 41 mov
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3.2. Network Monitoring 43 Whilst l
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3.2. Network Monitoring 45 Internet
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3.2. Network Monitoring 47 1 0.8 Bo
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Chapter 4 Transmission Control Prot
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4.1. Overview 51 Throughput Delay L
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4.2. Protocol Description 53 is dep
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4.2. Protocol Description 55 As a r
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4.3. Congestion Control 57 excessiv
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4.3. Congestion Control 59 probe fo
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4.4. Retransmission Timeout 61 tion
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4.5. TCP Variants 63 mechanisms are
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4.5. TCP Variants 65 connection ini
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4.5. TCP Variants 67 20 15 cwnd sst
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4.5. TCP Variants 69 no more acks t
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4.5. TCP Variants 71 [Hoe96]. In bo
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4.5. TCP Variants 73 TCP Timestamps
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4.6. Summary 75 traffic for a parti
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Chapter 5 TCP For High Performance
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5.1. TCP Hardware Requirements 79 G
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5.1. TCP Hardware Requirements 81 1
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5.1. TCP Hardware Requirements 83 C
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5.2. TCP Tuning & Performance Impro
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5.3. Network Aid in Congestion Dete
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5.3. Network Aid in Congestion Dete
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5.4. Analysis of AIMD Congestion Co
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5.5. Summary 109 5.5 Summary Even t
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6.1. Survey of New-TCP Algorithms 1
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6.2. Discussion and Deployment Cons
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6.3. Summary 133 6.3 Summary The re
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Chapter 7 Testing Framework for the
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7.1. Metrics 137 various New-TCP al
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7.1. Metrics 139 assuming equilibri
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7.2. Environment 141 of packets in
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7.2. Environment 143 T 0 B, T T 1 F
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Chapter 8 Systematic Tests of New-T
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8.1. Methodology 147 fed into the d
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8.1. Methodology 149 Various other
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8.2. Test Calibration 151 Goodput (
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8.2. Test Calibration 153 cwnd and
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8.2. Test Calibration 155 100 1 Agg
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8.2. Test Calibration 157 1000 FAST
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8.3. Results 159 10 100 Total Throu
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8.3. Results 161 14 12 HSTCP 1 α H
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8.3. Results 163 cwnd (packets) 120
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8.3. Results 165 Fraction Bytes Ret
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8.3. Results 167 1200 1000 HTCP 1 H
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8.3. Results 169 This is due to the
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8.3. Results 171 4000 3500 3000 HTC
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Page 177 and 178: 8.3. Results 177 10 100 Total Throu
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Page 183 and 184: 8.4. Discussion of Results 183 Asym
Page 185 and 186: 8.4. Discussion of Results 185 New-
Page 187 and 188: 8.4. Discussion of Results 187 Asym
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Page 191 and 192: 9.1. Transfer Tests Across Dedicate
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Page 229 and 230: 9.3. Internet Transfers 229 can cau
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Page 241 and 242: 9.3. Internet Transfers 241 achieve
Page 243 and 244: 9.4. Summary 243 performance of sin
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Page 247 and 248: 10.1. Summary 247 PCs. But at 1Gb/s
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Page 251 and 252: 10.2. New-TCP Suitability Study 251
Page 253 and 254: 10.3. Future Directions 253 low ove
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 275 de
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 277 of
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 279 PC
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 281 70
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 283 Th
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 285 20
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 287 ha
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B.2. Wide Area Network Tests 289 Da
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C.3. DataTAG 291 Cisco 7606 Cisco 7
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Appendix D Network Paths of Interne
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295 ham02gva.datatag.org:192.91.239
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Bibliography 297 [All03] [AMA + 99]
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Bibliography 299 [BPSK96] H. Balakr
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Bibliography 301 [DC02] [ea02] [FF9
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Bibliography 303 [Flo03] [Flo04] S.
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Bibliography 305 [Hoe96] [IET] [Jac
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Bibliography 307 [KRB05] [Lah00] [L
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Bibliography 309 [MHR03] [MM96] M.
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Bibliography 311 [Pos81a] J. Postel
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Bibliography 313 [tePM] IEPM Intern
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