Latin America; in English (pdf) - Transboundary Freshwater Dispute ...

APPENDIX 2. NOTES ON BASINS
AMAZON
Chile and Ecuador rejected Peru’s November 2005 unilateral law to shift the axis of their joint treatydefined
maritime boundary along the parallel of latitude to an equidistance line which favors Peru
(CIA World Factbook 2007).
CHIRA
Three sections of the boundary between Ecuador and Peru have been in dispute. The areas cover over
324,000 km 2 and include portions of the Amazon and Maranon rivers. The districts of Tumbes, Jaen,
and Maynas are claimed by Ecuador and administered by Peru. In December 1998, Peru and Ecuador
signed a joint agreement on the implementation of a permanent development policy for the border
region. A joint commission was created to determine their common land boundary (Encyclopedia of
International Boundaries 1995; CIA World Factbook 2007; Columbia Gazetteer 1998; BBC Summary
of World Broadcasts, 12/3/98; Xinhua News Agency, 12/11/1998).
CORANTIJN/COURANTYNE
The boundary upstream from the confluence of the Courantyne/Koetari (Kutari) River with the New
(Upper Courantyne) River remains unsettled. Guyana administers the triangle formed by the two rivers,
while Brazil and Suriname continue to claim the area. Suriname also claims the west bank of the
Courantyne River below the New River as the boundary, but de facto the boundary continues to follow
the thalweg (Encyclopedia of International Boundaries 1995; CIA World Factbook 2007).
Suriname claims a triangle of land between the New and Kutari/Koetari rivers in a historic dispute over
the headwaters of the Courantyne (CIA World Factbook 2007).
ESSEQUIBO
Talks are ongoing between Guyana and Venezuela regarding their boundary dispute. Venezuela
claims all of the area west of the Essequibo River (CIA World Factbook 2007; IBRU 1999).
LAKE FAGNANO
A short section of the southeastern boundary of Chile with Argentina, in the area of the Beagle Channel,
remains unclear. The 1991 Aylwin-Menem Treaty delineates the boundary between Argentina and
Chile in the continental glaciers area. As of March 1999, the treaty has not been ratified by the
Congresses of either country (CIA World Factbook 2007; IBRU 1999).
Action by the joint boundary commission, established by Chile and Argentina in 2001, for mapping
and demarcating the disputed boundary in the Andean Southern Ice Field (Campo de Hielo Sur) remains
pending (CIA World Factbook 2007).
114 — Hydropolitical Vulnerability and Resilience along International Waters: Latin America and the Caribbean