Latin America; in English (pdf) - Transboundary Freshwater Dispute ...

CONTENTS
PREFACE ...................................................................................................................................... xi
FOREWORD ................................................................................................................................. xiii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................................................................................................... xv
CHAPTER 1. HYDROPOLITICAL VULNERABILITY AND RESILIENCE: SERIES INTRODUCTION, BY AARON T. WOLF ..................1
1.1 Hydropolitical Vulnerability and Resilience .........................................................................1
1.2 Water and Security ..........................................................................................................5
1.2.1 International Waters................................................................................................ 5
1.2.1.1 Examining the Record ..................................................................................... 5
1.2.1.2 Tensions and Time Lags: Causes for Concern .................................................. 8
1.2.1.3 Institutional Capacity: The Heart of Conflict Management...............................10
1.2.2 Intranational Waters..............................................................................................12
1.3 Regional Instability: Political Dynamics of Loss of Irrigation Water......................................14
CHAPTER 2. HYDROPOLITICAL VULNERABILITY AND RESILIENCE IN CENTRAL A MERICA AND THE WEST INDIES,
BY ALEXANDER L ÓPEZ RAMÍREZ ......................................................................................................... 17
2.1 International River Basins of Central America and the West Indies .....................................18
2.1.1 Central America ...................................................................................................20
2.1.2 West Indies ..........................................................................................................21
2.2 Environmental Factors, Population Dynamics, and Hydric Availability ................................21
2.3 Groundwater Resources: Increasing Consumption and Overexploitation ...........................25
2.4 Water Dependency and Interdependency ........................................................................27
2.5 Triggers of Environmental Change and Conflict Potential in Central America .....................28
2.5.1 Dam Construction as a Trigger of Socio-environmental Conflict...............................29
2.5.2 The Negro River Basin: A Transboundary Basin at Risk in Central America .................31
2.6 Governance in International River Basins ........................................................................35
2.6.1 International Cooperation Agreements ...................................................................35
2.6.2 River Basin Committees: Big Goals, Small Organizations ........................................36
2.6.3 International Projects in Transboundary River Basins ................................................38
2.7 The Role of Institutions in Preventing Conflict and Fostering Cooperation: The Lempa River
Basin..................................................................................................................................38
2.7.1 Environmental Change and Transboundary Cooperation .........................................38
2.7.2 The Trifinio Plan as an Institutional Framework ........................................................40
2.8 The Role of Institutions and the Dynamic of Conflict and Cooperation, Regional Integration,
and Peace ..........................................................................................................................42
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