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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This project, exemplary of the unify<strong>in</strong>g force of transboundary waters, was built on the spirit of <strong>in</strong>credible collaboration among researchers and staff at the United Nations Environment Programme <strong>in</strong> Nairobi, Kenya, and two of the partners <strong>in</strong> the Universities Partnership for <strong>Transboundary</strong> Waters: the Oregon State University Department of Geosciences <strong>in</strong> the United States and Universidad Nacional Costa Rica, Centro Mesoamericano de Desarollo Sostenible del Trópico Seco (UNA-CEMEDE), as well numerous other <strong>in</strong>dividuals from around the world who responded to our requests for data, <strong>in</strong>formation, and reviews. First and foremost at UNEP, we would like to thank Achim Ste<strong>in</strong>er, United Nations Under-Secretary General and UNEP Executive Director, Steve Lonergan and Peter Gilruth, the former and current directors of UNEP’s Division of Early Warn<strong>in</strong>g and Assessment (DEWA), and Halifa Drammeh, Special Adviser to the Office of the Executive Director, for their consistent encouragement and support throughout this project. We would also like to acknowledge: Salif Diop, Senior Programme Officer and Head of DEWA’s Ecosystem Section, who provided vital professional oversight; Patrick M’mayi, DEWA Programme Officer, who coord<strong>in</strong>ated editorial contributions; Beth Ingraham, who provided guidance on UNEP publication rules; Audrey R<strong>in</strong>gler, who provided cartographic <strong>in</strong>put and advice; W<strong>in</strong>nie Gaitho, who coord<strong>in</strong>ated communication between partners; <strong>in</strong>terns Mart<strong>in</strong> Schaefer, Hanna L<strong>in</strong>dblom and V<strong>in</strong>ay Rajdev, who read early drafts and provided editorial support; and Arun Elhance, who assisted with the preface. A special ‘thank you’ goes to those UNEP staff who provided data for the report, particularly Johannes Akiwumi and Lal Kurukulasuriya. Last but not least, we would like to thank: Lesyl Puyol at UNEP’s Division for Regional Cooperation and Kakuko Nagatani and Silvia Gidia at DEWA’s Regional Office for <strong>Lat<strong>in</strong></strong> <strong>America</strong> and the Caribbean (LAC) for review<strong>in</strong>g the manuscript; Ricardo Sánchez Sosa, Regional Director of DEWA-LAC, for review<strong>in</strong>g the foreword; and the Belgian Government for the f<strong>in</strong>ancial support that made this project possible. We are more grateful than we can say to manag<strong>in</strong>g editor Caryn M. Davis, of Cascadia Edit<strong>in</strong>g, for her dedication to multiple aspects of this project, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g edit<strong>in</strong>g, design and layout, and coord<strong>in</strong>at<strong>in</strong>g publication; to artist Gretchen Bracher for design consultation, and to photographers from ForestryImages.org, NOAA, and USAID, and especially Gretchen Bracher, Michael Campana, Keith Davis, Kather<strong>in</strong>e Hayden, David R. Husk<strong>in</strong>s, Rolando León, Iva Nafz<strong>in</strong>ger, and Laniesse Sherman, who generously provided images for this report. F<strong>in</strong>ally, PREFACE ??? thanks go to Ruben Casas for translat<strong>in</strong>g the report <strong>in</strong>to Spanish, and special thanks to Irma L. Enríques de Bañuelos, Philomath, Oregon, for edit<strong>in</strong>g the Spanish version of the report. At Oregon State University, we would like to thank Becci Anderson for her assistance with cartography, and Sam Littlefield for his late hours and attention to detail. Other members of the Geosciences team who contributed their time and expertise to the project <strong>in</strong>clude Todd Jarvis and Erick Stemmerman. We gratefully acknowledge Steve W. Hostetler for furnish<strong>in</strong>g manipulated HADCM3 climate models. Special thanks to Melissa Carper for her will<strong>in</strong>gness to jump <strong>in</strong> dur<strong>in</strong>g the crunch and to Karen Logan, our departmental adm<strong>in</strong>istrator, who helped to support the backbone of the project through multiple contracts and budget oversight. A big thank you to Marloes Bakker for her attention to detail and mastery of the multiple tables associated with this project; and special thanks to Nathan Eidem for his cheerful will<strong>in</strong>gness to handle any task, from research questions to data check<strong>in</strong>g to creat<strong>in</strong>g maps as needed. F<strong>in</strong>ally, many thanks to Henri Compaore who helped to translate questionnaires <strong>in</strong>to French. This was an extraord<strong>in</strong>arily data-<strong>in</strong>tensive project, which relied on the generosity of many researchers around the world who are committed to open distribution of their <strong>in</strong>credibly rich data sets, among them Charles Vörösmarty and Ellen Marie Douglas, from the Complex Systems Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space, University of New Hampshire, who generously provided their five-year-mean historical global runoff data. xv
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Boat houses, Amazon. Photo credit:
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Washing clothes, Amazon. Photo cred
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Sawmill on Amazon, photo credit: Gr
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Confluence of Iguazu and Paraná Ri
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Sudden storm sends tourists running
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In the semi-arid “backlands” of
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“Fish sold here, 24 hours.” Fis
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Woman earns income by selling craft
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Public infrastructure project (road
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high population residing within the
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Uruguay River merging into Rio de l
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issues and not in others. The const
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Urubamba River, Peru. Photo credit:
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Seaplane lands near shipping docks,
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Uruguay River seen from Argentina c
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ATLAS OF HYDROPOLITICAL VULNERABILI
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A B Map 2 (A) Groundwater Aquifers.
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SOCIOECONOMIC AND GEOPOLITICAL PARA
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INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY A B Map 6 (A
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A B Map 8 (A) Institutional Capacit
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APPENDICES Appendices — 89
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APPENDIX 1. INTERNATIONAL FRESHWATE
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AMAZON * Total area: 5,866,100 km 2
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CANDELARIA Total area: 12,800 km 2
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COATAN ACHUTE Total area: 2000 km 2
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HONDO Total area 14,600.00 km 2 Are
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LAKE TITICACA-POOPO SYSTEM Total ar
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LA PLATA * Total area: 2,954,500 km
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Comisión Administradora del Río d
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MARONI * Total area: 65,000 km 2 Ar
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PEDERNALES Total area: 400 km 2 Are
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SIXAOLA Total area: 2,900 km 2 Area
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USUMACINTA- GRIJALVA Total area: 12
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LA PLATA A short section of the bou
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Participating countries: Dominican
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Participating countries: Argentina,
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Uruguay to implement their shared v
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Plan Trifinio The Plan Trifinio con
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Participating countries: Costa Rica
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USUMACINTA-GRIJALVA Red de Investig
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LA PLATA Power Plant Dona Francisca
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REFERENCES Agencia Gráfica del Sur
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egional Environmental Profile. Inte
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INDEX OF BASIN NAMES Amazon .......