Latin America; in English (pdf) - Transboundary Freshwater Dispute ...

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Suchiate River, photo credit: Alexander López Ramírez. 2.1 INTERNATIONAL RIVER BASINS OF CENTRAL AMERICA AND THE WEST INDIES Central America and the West Indies have a wide variety of climates and a grand capacity for hydric production due to their tropical location, various altitudes, geophysical setting, and insular conditions. Water has shaped and defined this region’s landscapes and there are a great variety of river basins (Table 2.1). There are 189 river basins of first order in the 544,751 km 2 that comprise the land area of Central America. In the Dominican Republic, there are 14 river basins of first order transporting 15,204 to 20,000 million cubic meters of water annually. Four are considered great basins: the Artibonite, Yuna, Yaque del Norte, and Yaque del Sur rivers. The largest of these basins are the Usumacinta-Grijalva, San Juan, and Coco River basins (Table 2.2). Guatemala and Honduras are the countries with the most international river basins: in Guatemala, 13 international river basins occupy 64.6% of the country, and in Honduras, 7 basins occupy 18.5%. Other countries with important possession of basins are Belize, with 65.1%, and El Salvador, with almost 62% (Table 2.3). TABLE 2.1 NUMBER OF RIVER BASINS BY COUNTRY IN CENTRAL AMERICA AND THE WEST INDIES. COUNTRY NUMBER OF BASINS Panamá 51 Guatemala 38 Costa Rica 34 Belize 32 Nicaragua 21 Honduras 18 El Salvador 10 Total Central América 205 Dominican Republic 14 Haití No data Total West Indies — Source: The Mesoamerican Center for Sustainable Development of the Dry Tropics (CEMEDE) 2004. 18 — Hydropolitical Vulnerability and Resilience along International Waters: Latin America and the Caribbean
TABLE 2.2 INTERNATIONAL RIVER BASINS OF CENTRAL AMERICA AND THE WEST INDIES. RIVER BASINS COUNTRIES AREA (KM 2 ) Usumacinta-Grijalva Guatemala, México, Belize 106,000.0 San Juan Nicaragua, Costa Rica 38,569.0 Coco o Segovia Wangki Nicaragua, Honduras 24,866.6 Lempa El Salvador, Honduras, Guatemala 18,234.7 Motagua Guatemala, Honduras 15,963.8 Belize Belize, Guatemala 12,153.9 Choluteca Honduras, Nicaragua 8,132.6 Hondo* Guatemala, Belize, México 7,189.0 Chamelecón Honduras, Guatemala 5,154.9 Changuinola Panamá, Costa Rica 3,387.8 Sixaola Costa Rica, Panamá 2,839.6 Goascorán Honduras, El Salvador 2,745.3 Negro Nicaragua, Honduras 2,371.2 Paz c Guatemala, El Salvador 2,647.0 Sarstún Guatemala, Belize 2,009.5 Suchiate Guatemala, México 1,499.5 Coatán Achute México, Guatemala, 1,283.9 Corredores-Colorado Costa Rica, Panamá 1,281.8 Moho Belize, Guatemala 911.9 Temash Belize, Guatemala 476.4 Jurado Panamá, Colombia 234.3 Chiriqui Candelaria Guatemala, México 12,800.0 Total for Central America 25 international river basins 219,451.9 Artibonite Dominican Republic, Haití 9,013.0 La Hoya del Lago Herniquillo** Dominican Republic, Haití 3,048.0 Pedernales (Zona de la Sierra del Bahoruco)** Dominican Republic, Haití 2,814.0 Dajabón-Massacre** Dominican Republic, Haití 858.0 Total for the West Indies 4 international river basins 15,733.0 * Does not include the Mexican part. **Includes only the territory of the Dominican Republic. Sources: UIFC-Funpadem 2000; Cabrera y Cuc 2002; Cuenca de los ríos Grijalva y Usumacinta, S.f., Procuenca, San Juan 2004; Plan Maestro y para el Desarrollo Integrado y Sostenible de la Cuenca Binacional del río Paz. Sf.; CEMEDE 2004; TFDD. Chapter 2. Hydropolitical Vulnerability in Central America and the West Indies — 19
Page 5: Copyright © 2007, United Nations E
Page 8 and 9: CHAPTER 3. HYDROPOLITICAL VULNERABI
Page 10 and 11: MAPS Map 1 (A) Climate regions ....
Page 13 and 14: PREFACE Wherever a major river, lak
Page 15 and 16: FOREWORD During the 2002 World Summ
Page 17 and 18: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This project, exem
Page 21 and 22: Figure 1.2 International river basi
Page 23 and 24: a more accurate gauge of hydropolit
Page 25 and 26: Scientist conducting ecological res
Page 27 and 28: The great waterfall of Iguazú, on
Page 29 and 30: Canal of Artibonite River, Haiti. T
Page 31 and 32: Jaribu storks, Pantanal (Brazil), P
Page 33 and 34: Ricefield with water buffalo and eg
Page 35: CHAPTER 2. HYDROPOLITICAL VULNERABI
Page 39 and 40: Haitian people who live in the hill
Page 41 and 42: Río Goascorán en el puesto fronte
Page 43 and 44: El lago cerce de Tehscall, El Salva
Page 45 and 46: Verrettes waterfall, Haiti. Photo c
Page 47 and 48: Landslide damage in the aftermath o
Page 49 and 50: The Cimarron project has provoked s
Page 51 and 52: Damage along Choluteca River in the
Page 53 and 54: 2.6 GOVERNANCE IN INTERNATIONAL RIV
Page 55 and 56: TABLE 2.9 CENTRAL AMERICA AND THE W
Page 57 and 58: Figure 2.2 Lempa River Basin. trans
Page 59 and 60: Lining up for water in the aftermat
Page 61 and 62: In the aftermath of tropical storm
Page 65 and 66: Paraná River beach in Empedrado, C
Page 67 and 68: Boat houses, Amazon. Photo credit:
Page 69 and 70: Washing clothes, Amazon. Photo cred
Page 71 and 72: Sawmill on Amazon, photo credit: Gr
Page 73 and 74: Confluence of Iguazu and Paraná Ri
Page 75 and 76: Sudden storm sends tourists running
Page 77 and 78: In the semi-arid “backlands” of
Page 79 and 80: “Fish sold here, 24 hours.” Fis
Page 81 and 82: Woman earns income by selling craft
Page 83 and 84: Public infrastructure project (road
Page 85 and 86: high population residing within the
Page 87 and 88:
Uruguay River merging into Rio de l
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issues and not in others. The const
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Urubamba River, Peru. Photo credit:
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Seaplane lands near shipping docks,
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Uruguay River seen from Argentina c
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ATLAS OF HYDROPOLITICAL VULNERABILI
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A B Map 2 (A) Groundwater Aquifers.
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SOCIOECONOMIC AND GEOPOLITICAL PARA
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INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY A B Map 6 (A
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A B Map 8 (A) Institutional Capacit
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APPENDICES Appendices — 89
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APPENDIX 1. INTERNATIONAL FRESHWATE
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AMAZON * Total area: 5,866,100 km 2
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CANDELARIA Total area: 12,800 km 2
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COATAN ACHUTE Total area: 2000 km 2
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HONDO Total area 14,600.00 km 2 Are
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LAKE TITICACA-POOPO SYSTEM Total ar
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LA PLATA * Total area: 2,954,500 km
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Comisión Administradora del Río d
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MARONI * Total area: 65,000 km 2 Ar
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PEDERNALES Total area: 400 km 2 Are
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SIXAOLA Total area: 2,900 km 2 Area
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USUMACINTA- GRIJALVA Total area: 12
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LA PLATA A short section of the bou
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Participating countries: Dominican
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Participating countries: Argentina,
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Uruguay to implement their shared v
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Plan Trifinio The Plan Trifinio con
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Participating countries: Costa Rica
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USUMACINTA-GRIJALVA Red de Investig
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LA PLATA Power Plant Dona Francisca
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REFERENCES Agencia Gráfica del Sur
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egional Environmental Profile. Inte
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INDEX OF BASIN NAMES Amazon .......
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