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Ugra River, tributary of the Oka River (Volga basin), in Smolensk and Kaluga Oblasts, Russia. Photo credit: Laim, via Wikimedia Commons. In addition to the above-mentioned issuebased gaps, the study has also highlighted a number of basin specific examples where the current institutional capacity may be incapable of absorbing changes within the basin. For example, despite transboundary pollution for large production facilities and agriculture within the Daugava basin, no basin-wide agreement exists between Belarus, Latvia, and Lithuania; although a positive sign can be seen in the commitment of the basin countries to adopt a river basin management plan in accordance with the provisions of the EU WFD. Similarly, no basinwide agreements exist between the countries The Ponte Vecchio, a medieval bridge over the Arno River, in Florence, Italy. Photo credit: Keith Davis. sharing the Dniester basin (Ukraine and Moldova), and the Dnieper basin (Belarus, Russia, and the Ukraine). Both the latter rivers are particularly vulnerable to transboundary conflicts, largely as a result of heavy agricultural and industrial use, coupled with transboundary pollution. While significant steps have been taken to develop basin-wide agreements for both rivers, at present only a series of bilateral and draft agreements exist. While a significant record of conflicts over transboundary waters exists within Europe, a strong commitment by European countries to develop the institutional capacity necessary to resolve—and ultimately avoid such conflicts in the future—is evident. Of particular prevalence in this regard is the interface between regional, basin-level and national governance structures. While earlier agreements tended to focus on single uses, a marked evolution towards the integrated management of transboundary waters within treaty practice has occurred. Today, a large body of international agreements relating to Europe’s transboundary waters exists, which in itself is testament to the desire of European countries to develop the institutional capacity to accommodate economic, social, and environmental changes within transboundary basins in order to offset hydro-vulnerability in Europe. 84 — Hydropolitical Vulnerability and Resilience along International Waters: Europe
ATLAS OF HYDROPOLITICAL VULNERABILITY AND RESILIENCE: EUROPE Waiting for passengers, Brugge, Belgium. Photo credit: Roger Admiral. Atlas of Hydropolitical Vulnerability and Resilience — 85
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Copyright © 2009, United Nations E
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CONTENTS PREFACE ..................
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LISTS OF TABLES, FIGURES, MAPS, AND
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PREFACE Within many international r
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FOREWORD The most influential regio
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maps; and our gratitude is extended
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CHAPTER 1. HYDROPOLITICAL VULNERABI
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Figure 1.2 International river basi
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• international agreements and in
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Schlossplatz (Palace Place), downto
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Excursion boat on the Elbe River, H
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River Sava, Belgrade, Serbia. Photo
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Along the Golden Horn, an inlet of
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Garbage and debris caught in branch
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CHAPTER 2. CHALLENGES TO EUROPE’S
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The Rhône River with a low water l
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RIVER BASIN TOTAL AREA (KM 2 ) AREA
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Total abstraction per year/Long ter
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Snowfields, Dolomites, Italy. Photo
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The aftermath of flooding in wester
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CHAPTER 3. THE EVOLUTION OF CONFLIC
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Snov River, a tributary of the Dnie
Page 49 and 50: groundwater from pollution that man
Page 51 and 52: Floating restaurants in the foregro
Page 53 and 54: Tejo/Tagus River seen from Portas d
Page 55 and 56: Hydroelectric power plant on the Sa
Page 57 and 58: Stora Enso pulp and paper mill in O
Page 59 and 60: CHAPTER 4. MAJOR TRENDS IN CONFLICT
Page 61 and 62: Mute swans in canal fed by Soestwet
Page 63 and 64: setting emission limits, licensing
Page 65 and 66: Tour boat on canal in Brugge, Belgi
Page 67 and 68: Boaters on the Lahn River (Rhine ba
Page 69 and 70: in harmonising environmental impact
Page 71 and 72: At the bilateral or basin level som
Page 73 and 74: Hydroelectric power plant on the Sa
Page 75 and 76: Brewery, Brugge, Belgium. Photo cre
Page 77 and 78: Barges and boats on the River Sava
Page 79 and 80: chapter elucidated that a survey of
Page 81 and 82: CHAPTER 5. HYDROPOLITICAL VULNERABI
Page 83 and 84: Vop River (tributary of the Dnieper
Page 85 and 86: Dnieper Delta near the Black Sea, a
Page 87 and 88: Figure 5.2 The Danube River Basin.
Page 89 and 90: Danube River flowing through Novi S
Page 91 and 92: Bridge over the Narva River (Estoni
Page 93 and 94: Waterfront club on the Emajõgi Riv
Page 95 and 96: Narva hydroelectric station on the
Page 97 and 98: CHAPTER 6. CONCLUSION Alistair Rieu
Page 99: Rudesheim, Rhine River, Germany. Ph
Page 103 and 104: A B Map 2 (A) Groundwater Aquifers.
Page 105 and 106: SOCIOECONOMIC AND GEOPOLITICAL PARA
Page 107 and 108: INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY A B Map 6 (A
Page 109 and 110: A B Map 8 (A) Institutional Capacit
Page 111 and 112: APPENDICES Stone fountain, Rome. Ph
Page 113 and 114: APPENDIX 1. INTERNATIONAL FRESHWATE
Page 115 and 116: BIDASOA Total area: 500 km 2 Area o
Page 117 and 118: Convention regarding the regime of
Page 119 and 120: Convention between the Government o
Page 121 and 122: DAUGAVA* Total area: 58,700 km 2 Ar
Page 123 and 124: DNIESTER* Total area: 62,000 km 2 A
Page 125 and 126: DOURO/DUERO Total area: 98,900 km 2
Page 127 and 128: ELBE Total area: 132,200 km 2 Area
Page 129 and 130: ENNINGSDALSELVA* TREATIES AND AGREE
Page 131 and 132: GLAMA Total area: 43,000 km 2 Area
Page 133 and 134: ISONZO Total area: 3,000 km 2 Area
Page 135 and 136: KLARALVEN Total area: 51,000 km 2 A
Page 137 and 138: LAKE PRESPA Total area: 9,000 km 2
Page 139 and 140: LIMA Total area: 2,300 km 2 Area of
Page 141 and 142: MINHO/MIÑO Total area: 15,100 km 2
Page 143 and 144: NARVA* Total area: 53,000 km 2 Area
Page 145 and 146: NESTOS Total area: 10,200 km 2 Area
Page 147 and 148: OLANGA Total area: 18,800 km 2 Area
Page 149 and 150: PASVIK Total area: 16,000 km 2 Area
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PO Total area: 87,100 km 2 Area of
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Traite entre la Suisse et l’Autri
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Agreement between the government of
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RHONE Total area: 100,200 km 2 Area
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ROIA/ROYA Total area: 600 km 2 Area
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SCHELDE Total area: 17,100 km 2 Are
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STRUMA* Total area: 15,000 km 2 Are
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TANA Total area: 15,600 km 2 Area o
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TULOMA Total area: 25,800 km 2 Area
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VISTULA/WISTA Total area: 194,000 k
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VUOKSA Total area: 62,700 km 2 Area
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Convention on environmental impact
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NEMAN Border problems between Byela
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Participating countries: Bulgaria,
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DANUBE - SAVA SUBBASIN Sava River B
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EU-P -Project “Integrated Managem
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GEF IW project: Development and Imp
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APPENDIX 4. TENDERS FOR LARGE PROJE
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REFERENCES Alliance for lake cooper
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sound Technology (TEST) to Reduce T
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water. Specific information about t
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INDEX OF BASIN NAMES Bann .........
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