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A B Map 5 (A) Human Development Index. The human development index (HDI) is a composite index that measures the average achievements in a country in three basic dimensions of human development: a long and healthy life, as measured by life expectancy at birth; knowledge, as measured by the adult literacy rate and the combined gross enrolment ratio for primary, secondary and tertiary schools; and a decent standard of living, as measured by GDP per capita in purchasing power parity (PPP) US dollars. The formula to calculate the HDI, as well as specific data on the indicators, can be found at http://hdr.undp.org/reports/global/2004/. (B) Agricultural Water Use. Agricultural water use is based on a model of irrigation water requirements developed for AQUASTAT by the FAO Land and Water Development and incorporates crop, reference, and actual evapotranspiration, crop coefficient, area under irrigation as percentage of the total area under analysis, and cropping intensity. Renewable water resources available for agricultural use are defined as the sum of internal renewable water resources and incoming flow originating outside the country, taking into consideration the quantity of flows reserved to upstream and downstream countries through formal or informal agreements or treaties. 90 — Hydropolitical Vulnerability and Resilience along International Waters: <strong>Europe</strong>
INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY A B Map 6 (A) Water Dependency Ratio. Water dependency ratio is calculated for AQUASTAT by the FAO Land and Water Development Division. It incorporates total country inflow and outflow of surface water and groundwater after accounting for flow submitted to and reserved by bilateral and multilateral treaties. (B) International Freshwater Treaties Per Basin. Number of treaties per basin is the sum of all agreements (historical, present, general) which have been signed by States governing water resources in the basin, either with one another or as part of a regional agreement, where the concern is water as a scarce or consumable resource, a quantity to be managed, or an ecosystem to be improved or maintained. Documents concerning navigation rights and tariffs, division of fishing rights, and delineation of rivers as borders or other territorial concerns are not included, unless freshwater as a resource is also mentioned in the document, or physical changes are being made that may impact the hydrology of the river system (e.g., dredging of river bed to improve navigation, straightening of a river’s course. Atlas of Hydropolitical Vulnerability and Resilience — 91
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Copyright © 2009, United Nations E
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CONTENTS PREFACE ..................
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LISTS OF TABLES, FIGURES, MAPS, AND
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PREFACE Within many international r
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FOREWORD The most influential regio
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maps; and our gratitude is extended
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CHAPTER 1. HYDROPOLITICAL VULNERABI
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Figure 1.2 International river basi
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• international agreements and in
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Schlossplatz (Palace Place), downto
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Excursion boat on the Elbe River, H
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River Sava, Belgrade, Serbia. Photo
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Along the Golden Horn, an inlet of
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Garbage and debris caught in branch
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CHAPTER 2. CHALLENGES TO EUROPE’S
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The Rhône River with a low water l
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RIVER BASIN TOTAL AREA (KM 2 ) AREA
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Total abstraction per year/Long ter
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Snowfields, Dolomites, Italy. Photo
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The aftermath of flooding in wester
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CHAPTER 3. THE EVOLUTION OF CONFLIC
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Snov River, a tributary of the Dnie
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groundwater from pollution that man
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Floating restaurants in the foregro
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Tejo/Tagus River seen from Portas d
Page 55 and 56: Hydroelectric power plant on the Sa
Page 57 and 58: Stora Enso pulp and paper mill in O
Page 59 and 60: CHAPTER 4. MAJOR TRENDS IN CONFLICT
Page 61 and 62: Mute swans in canal fed by Soestwet
Page 63 and 64: setting emission limits, licensing
Page 65 and 66: Tour boat on canal in Brugge, Belgi
Page 67 and 68: Boaters on the Lahn River (Rhine ba
Page 69 and 70: in harmonising environmental impact
Page 71 and 72: At the bilateral or basin level som
Page 73 and 74: Hydroelectric power plant on the Sa
Page 75 and 76: Brewery, Brugge, Belgium. Photo cre
Page 77 and 78: Barges and boats on the River Sava
Page 79 and 80: chapter elucidated that a survey of
Page 81 and 82: CHAPTER 5. HYDROPOLITICAL VULNERABI
Page 83 and 84: Vop River (tributary of the Dnieper
Page 85 and 86: Dnieper Delta near the Black Sea, a
Page 87 and 88: Figure 5.2 The Danube River Basin.
Page 89 and 90: Danube River flowing through Novi S
Page 91 and 92: Bridge over the Narva River (Estoni
Page 93 and 94: Waterfront club on the Emajõgi Riv
Page 95 and 96: Narva hydroelectric station on the
Page 97 and 98: CHAPTER 6. CONCLUSION Alistair Rieu
Page 99 and 100: Rudesheim, Rhine River, Germany. Ph
Page 101 and 102: ATLAS OF HYDROPOLITICAL VULNERABILI
Page 103 and 104: A B Map 2 (A) Groundwater Aquifers.
Page 105: SOCIOECONOMIC AND GEOPOLITICAL PARA
Page 109 and 110: A B Map 8 (A) Institutional Capacit
Page 111 and 112: APPENDICES Stone fountain, Rome. Ph
Page 113 and 114: APPENDIX 1. INTERNATIONAL FRESHWATE
Page 115 and 116: BIDASOA Total area: 500 km 2 Area o
Page 117 and 118: Convention regarding the regime of
Page 119 and 120: Convention between the Government o
Page 121 and 122: DAUGAVA* Total area: 58,700 km 2 Ar
Page 123 and 124: DNIESTER* Total area: 62,000 km 2 A
Page 125 and 126: DOURO/DUERO Total area: 98,900 km 2
Page 127 and 128: ELBE Total area: 132,200 km 2 Area
Page 129 and 130: ENNINGSDALSELVA* TREATIES AND AGREE
Page 131 and 132: GLAMA Total area: 43,000 km 2 Area
Page 133 and 134: ISONZO Total area: 3,000 km 2 Area
Page 135 and 136: KLARALVEN Total area: 51,000 km 2 A
Page 137 and 138: LAKE PRESPA Total area: 9,000 km 2
Page 139 and 140: LIMA Total area: 2,300 km 2 Area of
Page 141 and 142: MINHO/MIÑO Total area: 15,100 km 2
Page 143 and 144: NARVA* Total area: 53,000 km 2 Area
Page 145 and 146: NESTOS Total area: 10,200 km 2 Area
Page 147 and 148: OLANGA Total area: 18,800 km 2 Area
Page 149 and 150: PASVIK Total area: 16,000 km 2 Area
Page 151 and 152: PO Total area: 87,100 km 2 Area of
Page 153 and 154: Traite entre la Suisse et l’Autri
Page 155 and 156: Agreement between the government of
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RHONE Total area: 100,200 km 2 Area
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ROIA/ROYA Total area: 600 km 2 Area
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SCHELDE Total area: 17,100 km 2 Are
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STRUMA* Total area: 15,000 km 2 Are
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TANA Total area: 15,600 km 2 Area o
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TULOMA Total area: 25,800 km 2 Area
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VISTULA/WISTA Total area: 194,000 k
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VUOKSA Total area: 62,700 km 2 Area
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Convention on environmental impact
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NEMAN Border problems between Byela
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Participating countries: Bulgaria,
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DANUBE - SAVA SUBBASIN Sava River B
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EU-P -Project “Integrated Managem
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GEF IW project: Development and Imp
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APPENDIX 4. TENDERS FOR LARGE PROJE
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REFERENCES Alliance for lake cooper
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sound Technology (TEST) to Reduce T
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water. Specific information about t
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INDEX OF BASIN NAMES Bann .........
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Europe - UNEP

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