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124 Fighting the Diseases of Poverty
in institutions require these kinds of initiatives, and donors are in a
position to foster such improvements with both funding and advice
to oil the wheels of progress and support the emergence of strong
institutions.
Where public services are free or subsidized, with the intention
to promote access and utilization of vital health services, the abuses
related to lack of drugs, staff absences and informal payments
undermine these objectives as well as the credibility and effectiveness
of public services more generally. Without attention to these
non-medical issues, clinical care quality and equity in access will be
lost, leading to both lower health status and poorly spent public
revenues. Addressing these public program failures are critical to
effective government to and functioning health care systems.
Because good governance promotes economic growth and effective
public services, the health sector cannot afford to be sidelined on
this agenda.
Source appendix 1: figures 4 and 5
Country Data Source
year
Albania 2002 Vitosha, 2002
Albania 2002 World Bank LSMS Survey
Armenia 2001 Murrugarra & Cnobloch, 2003
Bangladesh 2002 Transparency International, 2002
Bolivia 2001 World Bank 2001b
Bosnia 2000 World Bank, 2001e
Bosnia 2002 Vitosha, 2002
Bulgaria 2001 LSMS Survey
Bulgaria 2002 Vitosha, 2002
Cambodia 1999 World Bank, 2000b
China n.d. Bloom, Han and Li, 2001
Colombia n.d. Corruption Survey
Croatia 2002 Vitosha, 2002
Czech Republic 2002 Horthava, Maly', 2002
Georgia 2000 Chawla, 2001
Ghana 1998 Worldbank LSMS Survey