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Cost effective means of fighting the diseases of poverty 189 thought – not unreasonably – that if American AIDS patients could get the miracle drugs, why shouldn’t people in poor countries? Previously, international agencies had focused on prevention out of a desire to contain the pandemic, but also because ARV therapies were too expensive. However, after voluble and emotive campaigns from AIDS activists following the Durban AIDS conference, governments and global agencies reoriented their strategies towards favouring treatment. One outcome of this lobbying by pressure groups was the creation of the WHO’s flagship “3 by 5” programme. But the presumption towards treatment has been further institutionalised by the creation of the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) in 2003, which has been required by the US Congress to dedicate 55 per cent of the US $15 billion five year budget for HIV to treatment of individuals with HIV/AIDS. In financial years 2006 through to 2008, 75 per cent of those funds are to be spent on the purchase and distribution of antiretroviral drugs, with only 20 per cent of all funding to be spent on prevention. 15 The prioritisation of treatment over prevention has had significant opportunity costs, by not curtailing new infections and increasing the pool of people with the potential to transmit the virus. The UN’s own statistics indicate that more people became infected with HIV in 2005 than ever before, with an estimated additional five million new infections worldwide. The number of people living with HIV globally has also reached its highest level ever. By the end of 2005, global HIV prevalence had risen to an estimated 40.3 million people (UNAIDS, 2006), from a figure of 34.9 million in 2001 (UNAIDS, 2004). 4.1 million people were infected in 2005 alone, an increase from 3.9 million in 2003. According to UNAIDS, HIV prevalence is increasing in South Africa, China, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Vietnam, Bangladesh and Pakistan. While prevalence rates in many sub-Saharan African countries seem to be stabilising, very few countries are experiencing significant declines in prevalence (UNAIDS, 2006). Figure 2 illustrates the increasing numbers of infections globally.
190 Fighting the Diseases of Poverty Table 2 Regional HIV and AIDS prevalence and infection rates, 2003 & 2005 Region Adults and children newly Adult (15–49) infected with HIV prevalence (%) Sub-Saharan Africa 2005 2,700,000 6.1 2003 2,600,000 6.2 North Africa and Middle East 2005 64,000 0.2 2003 54,000 0.2 Asia 2005 930,000 0.4 2003 860,000 0.4 Oceania 2005 7,200 0.3 2003 9,000 0.3 Latin America 2005 140,000 0.5 2003 130,000 0.5 Caribbean 2005 37,000 1.6 2003 34,000 1.5 Eastern Europe and Central Asia 2005 220,000 0.8 2003 160,000 0.6 North America, Western and Central Europe 2005 65,000 0.5 2003 65,000 0.5 TOTAL 2005 4,100,000 1 2003 3,900,000 1 Source: UNAIDS, 2006.
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About International Policy Network
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Notes Introduction 1 The UN Human D
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Notes 267 18 The decline in their G
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Notes 269 4 The diseases of poverty
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Notes 271 to high-levels of researc
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Notes 273 to register new products,
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Notes 275 2 Snow, B et al., “The
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Sources 277 Karoly, L., Greenwood,
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Sources 279 ——— . 2004. The S
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Sources 283 Alcazar, L and Andrade,
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Sources 287 La Forgia, G. 2005. Hea
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Sources 289 Shishkin, Sergey. 2003.
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Sources 293 Wofford, D., & Shanahan
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The Campaign for Fighting Diseases
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Dr. Henry I. Miller joined the Food
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