Full text PDF - International Policy Network

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Wealth, health and the cycle of progress 15 dollars a day it would have decreased infant mortality from 355 deaths per 1,000 live births to 199 in 1980, and from 207 to 116 in 2003. The declines in infant mortality were accompanied by declines in maternal mortality that were equally, if not more, spectacular. In the United States, for instance, while infant mortality rates declined from around 100 per 1,000 live births in 1915 to 6.8 in 2001, maternal mortality rates declined from 220 per 100,000 live births to 9.9 (Bureau of the Census, 1975; 2004). Economic development Long term trends in economic growth, based on data from Maddison, are shown in Table 4 for various countries and regions including the United States, India, China, Japan, Europe, Latin America, Africa, the former Soviet Union and the world (Maddison, 2005; GGDCECB, 200?). While these estimates are less than precise, they do indicate that for most of this millennium, GDP per capita worldwide was below $600, measured in 1990 international dollars. Acceleration of economic growth began around 1800 and has been dramatic in recent years (see Figure 1). Today, it is more than ten times that (see Figure 5). At the same time, the cost of basic necessities such as food has declined substantially in the last few decades in real (constant dollar) terms. More importantly, they have declined relative to income levels. For instance, between the years 1897 to 1901 and 2001 to 2003, U.S. retail prices of flour, bacon, and potatoes relative to per capita income dropped by 92 per cent, 85 per cent, and 82 per cent, respectively (Bureau of the Census, 1975; 2004). Not only are basic necessities cheaper and the average person’s annual income higher, but workers spend fewer hours on the job. Between 1820 and 2001, average hours worked per person employed declined 39, 20, and 45 per cent for the U.K., U.S., and Japan, respectively (Maddison, 2005). Ausubel and Grübler estimate that for the average British worker, total life hours worked declined
16 Fighting the Diseases of Poverty Table 4 Gross domestic product per capita (in 1990 <strong>International</strong> $, PPP-adjusted), A.D. 0–2003 Year 1 1000 1500 1700 1820 1913 1950 1989 1996 2001 2003 c Western Europe 450 400 771 998 1,204 3,458 4,579 15,856 17,097 19,256 United States 400A 400 a 400 527 1,257 5,301 9,561 23,059 25,066 27,948 28,797 USSR/Ex-USSR 400 400 499 610 688 1,488 2,841 7,098 3,854 4,626 5,267 Latin America 400 400 413B 441 b 692 1,481 2,506 5,123 5,556 5,811 China 450 450 600 600 600 552 439 1,827 2,820 3,583 4,185 India 450 450 550 550 533 673 619 1,270 1,630 1,957 2,194 Japan 400 425 500 570 669 1,387 1,921 17,942 20,494 20,683 21,104 Africa 430 425 414 421 420 637 894 1,463 1,403 1,489 World 445 436 566 615 667 1,525 2,111 5,140 5,517 6,049 a Based on Maddison (1999a) estimate for “North America.” b Based on the arithmetical average for Brazil and Mexico. c Based on GGDC (2005), adjusted per Maddison (2005a). Source: Maddison (2005a); GGDC (2005)
Page 1 and 2: Fighting the Diseases of Poverty Ed
Page 3 and 4: About International Policy Network
Page 5 and 6: Fighting the Diseases of Poverty Ed
Page 8 and 9: The authors Johan Biermann is a pla
Page 10: The authors ix Maureen has publishe
Page 13 and 14: xii Fighting the Diseases of Povert
Page 15 and 16: xiv Fighting the Diseases of Povert
Page 17 and 18: xvi Fighting the Diseases of Povert
Page 19 and 20: xviii Fighting the Diseases of Pove
Page 21 and 22: xx Fighting the Diseases of Poverty
Page 23 and 24: xxii Fighting the Diseases of Pover
Page 25 and 26: xxiv Fighting the Diseases of Pover
Page 27 and 28: xxvi Fighting the Diseases of Pover
Page 29 and 30: xxviii Fighting the Diseases of Pov
Page 31 and 32: 2 Fighting the Diseases of Poverty
Page 43: 14 Fighting the Diseases of Poverty
Page 65 and 66: 2 South Africa’s healthcare under
Page 95 and 96:
66 Fighting the Diseases of Poverty
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
100 Fighting the Diseases of Povert
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135 and 136:
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
Page 143 and 144:
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
4 Diseases of poverty and the 10/90
Page 157 and 158:
Page 159 and 160:
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170:
Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
Page 179 and 180:
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
Page 185 and 186:
Page 187 and 188:
Page 189 and 190:
Page 191 and 192:
Page 193 and 194:
Page 195 and 196:
Page 197 and 198:
Page 199 and 200:
Page 201 and 202:
Page 203 and 204:
Page 205 and 206:
Page 207 and 208:
Page 209 and 210:
Page 211 and 212:
Page 214 and 215:
6 Cost effective means of fighting
Page 216 and 217:
Cost effective means of fighting th
Page 218 and 219:
Page 220 and 221:
Page 222 and 223:
Page 224 and 225:
Page 226 and 227:
Page 228 and 229:
Page 230 and 231:
Page 232 and 233:
7 Counterfeit medicines in LDCs: pr
Page 234 and 235:
Counterfeit medicines in LDCs: prob
Page 236 and 237:
Page 238 and 239:
Page 240 and 241:
Page 242 and 243:
Page 244 and 245:
The value of vaccination 215 In the
Page 246 and 247:
The value of vaccination 217 the di
Page 248 and 249:
The value of vaccination 219 ◆
Page 250 and 251:
The value of vaccination 221 Figure
Page 252 and 253:
The value of vaccination 223 vaccin
Page 254 and 255:
The value of vaccination 225 moreov
Page 256 and 257:
The value of vaccination 227 encour
Page 258 and 259:
The value of vaccination 229 packag
Page 260 and 261:
The value of vaccination 231 longer
Page 262 and 263:
The value of vaccination 233 2005 t
Page 264 and 265:
The value of vaccination 235 long-t
Page 266 and 267:
The value of vaccination 237 Table
Page 268 and 269:
9 The World Health Organisation: a
Page 270 and 271:
The World Health Organisation: a ti
Page 272 and 273:
Page 274 and 275:
Page 276 and 277:
Page 278 and 279:
Page 280 and 281:
Page 282 and 283:
Page 284 and 285:
Page 286 and 287:
Page 288 and 289:
Page 290 and 291:
Page 292 and 293:
Page 294 and 295:
Notes Introduction 1 The UN Human D
Page 296 and 297:
Notes 267 18 The decline in their G
Page 298 and 299:
Notes 269 4 The diseases of poverty
Page 300 and 301:
Notes 271 to high-levels of researc
Page 302 and 303:
Notes 273 to register new products,
Page 304 and 305:
Notes 275 2 Snow, B et al., “The
Page 306 and 307:
Sources 277 Karoly, L., Greenwood,
Page 308 and 309:
Sources 279 ——— . 2004. The S
Page 310 and 311:
Sources 281 University, March 13. A
Page 312 and 313:
Sources 283 Alcazar, L and Andrade,
Page 314 and 315:
Sources 285 Di Tella, R. and Savedo
Page 316 and 317:
Sources 287 La Forgia, G. 2005. Hea
Page 318 and 319:
Sources 289 Shishkin, Sergey. 2003.
Page 320 and 321:
Sources 291 4 The diseases of pover
Page 322 and 323:
Sources 293 Wofford, D., & Shanahan
Page 324 and 325:
Sources 295 6 Cost effective means
Page 326 and 327:
Sources 297 7 Counterfeit medicines
Page 328 and 329:
The Campaign for Fighting Diseases
Page 330 and 331:
Dr. Henry I. Miller joined the Food
show all

Full text PDF - International Policy Network

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?