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6 Cost effective means of fighting the diseases of poverty Khalil Ahmed, 1 Franklin Cudjoe, 2 Eustace Davie, 3 John Kilama, 4 Martín Krause, 5 Andrés Mejia, 6 Barun Mitra, 7 Nonoy Oplas, 8 Martín Simonetta, 9 Philip Stevens, 10 Jose Luis Tapa, 11 Margaret Tse, 12 Jasson Urbach 13 This chapter considers the cost-effectiveness of existing strategies for addressing the diseases of poverty promoted by the WHO and other intergovenmental organisations and compares these to other possible strategies. The first half examines the UN’s response to HIV/AIDS and malaria. The second half looks at what might be done to tackle those diseases of poverty which have a lower political profile but nonetheless constitute a significant proportion of the disease burden of less developed countries – diarrhoeal diseases, acute lower respiratory infections and diseases associated with malnutrition. HIV/AIDS: The WHO’s ‘3 by 5’ treatment plan In September 2003, the World Health Organisation announced that it would ensure that by the end of 2005, 3 million HIVinfected people would be on anti-retroviral treatment. Since then, many billions of dollars have been spent attempting to achieve that goal. However, by December 2005, only 1.3 million people
186 Fighting the Diseases of Poverty Table 1 Doctors and nurses available and people living with HIV/AIDS for selected sub-Saharan countries Medical Nurses PLWHAs Total PLWHAs PLWHAs PLWHAs doctors per 100,000 (thousands) population per 100,000 per medical per nurse per 100,000 pop (thousands) population doctor pop Malawi 1 26 900 12,105 7,435 7,435 286 Mozambique 2 21 1,300 18,863 6,892 3,446 328 Zimbabwe 6 54 1,800 12,835 14,024 2,337 260 Tanzania 2 37 1,600 36,977 4,327 2,164 117 Rwanda 2 21 250 8,387 2,981 1,490 142 Zambia 7 113 920 10,812 8,509 1,216 75 Swaziland 18 320 220 1,077 20,427 1,135 64 Botswana 29 241 350 1,785 19,608 676 81 Uganda 5 54 530 26,699 1,985 397 37 South Africa 69 388 5,300 45,026 11,771 171 30 Source: adapted from http://www.who.int/globalatlas/default.asp & http://www.who.int/hiv/universalaccess2010/en/
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About International Policy Network
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The value of vaccination 235 long-t
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Notes Introduction 1 The UN Human D
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Notes 267 18 The decline in their G
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Notes 269 4 The diseases of poverty
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Notes 271 to high-levels of researc
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Notes 273 to register new products,
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Notes 275 2 Snow, B et al., “The
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Sources 277 Karoly, L., Greenwood,
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Sources 279 ——— . 2004. The S
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Sources 281 University, March 13. A
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Sources 283 Alcazar, L and Andrade,
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Sources 285 Di Tella, R. and Savedo
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Sources 287 La Forgia, G. 2005. Hea
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Sources 289 Shishkin, Sergey. 2003.
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Sources 293 Wofford, D., & Shanahan
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The Campaign for Fighting Diseases
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Dr. Henry I. Miller joined the Food
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