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Diseases of poverty and the 10/90 gap 135 Figure 4 The global disease burden vs. number of compounds in development Sense organ disorder Digestive diseases Respiratory diseases Burden of disease in DALYs, millions Number of coumpounds in development by major disease catagories Diabetes Musculoskeletal diseases HIV/AIDS Neuropsychiatric diseases Cardiovascular diseases Infectious diseases & respiratory infections Cancers 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 Sources: PhRMA (2005) and WHO (2004)
136 Fighting the Diseases of Poverty Lower-income countries also currently benefit from drugs that were originally developed for wealthier markets. Polio, pertussis (whooping cough) and diphtheria, for example, were once endemic in wealthier countries, but have been practically eradicated from these areas due to simple vaccines that were developed a few decades ago. Now, three-quarters of the world’s children – including millions in low-income countries – are vaccinated against such diseases, saving at least three million lives a year and preventing long term illness and disability in millions more. Tuberculosis treatments were originally devised to combat the disease in wealthier countries, and many populations in lower-income countries now reap the dividends of this advance in medical science in the form of mass vaccination programmes. HIV/AIDS treatments in the form of ARVs were originally developed with wealthy consumers in mind. Those treatments have now spread to poorer countries which are most affected by the disease, but are unable themselves to bear the cost of R&D for such treatments. Statins are also an increasingly important tool in the fight against cardiovascular diseases in lower-income countries, with many of these powerful drugs now off-patent and open to generic competition. Again, these treatments originated – and are still being developed – in wealthier countries under the current commercial R&D paradigm. Access is the real problem – not innovation If treatments exist for the majority of poor countries’ health problems, why then do mortality rates remain so high? Any discussion of this question must address the problem of access to essential medicines, which remains an intractable political and economic problem. According to the WHO, an estimated 30 per cent of the world population lacks regular access to existing drugs, with this figure rising to over 50 per cent in the poorest parts of Africa and Asia (Figure 5).
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Fighting the Diseases of Poverty Ed
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About International Policy Network
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Fighting the Diseases of Poverty Ed
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The authors Johan Biermann is a pla
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The authors ix Maureen has publishe
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xii Fighting the Diseases of Povert
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2 Fighting the Diseases of Poverty
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6 Cost effective means of fighting
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7 Counterfeit medicines in LDCs: pr
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Counterfeit medicines in LDCs: prob
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The value of vaccination 215 In the
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The value of vaccination 217 the di
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The value of vaccination 219 ◆
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The value of vaccination 221 Figure
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The value of vaccination 223 vaccin
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The value of vaccination 225 moreov
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The value of vaccination 227 encour
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The value of vaccination 229 packag
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The value of vaccination 231 longer
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The value of vaccination 233 2005 t
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The value of vaccination 235 long-t
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The value of vaccination 237 Table
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9 The World Health Organisation: a
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Notes Introduction 1 The UN Human D
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Notes 267 18 The decline in their G
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Notes 269 4 The diseases of poverty
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Notes 271 to high-levels of researc
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Notes 273 to register new products,
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Notes 275 2 Snow, B et al., “The
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Sources 277 Karoly, L., Greenwood,
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Sources 279 ——— . 2004. The S
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Sources 281 University, March 13. A
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Sources 283 Alcazar, L and Andrade,
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Sources 285 Di Tella, R. and Savedo
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Sources 287 La Forgia, G. 2005. Hea
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Sources 289 Shishkin, Sergey. 2003.
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Sources 291 4 The diseases of pover
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Sources 293 Wofford, D., & Shanahan
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Sources 295 6 Cost effective means
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Sources 297 7 Counterfeit medicines
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The Campaign for Fighting Diseases
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Dr. Henry I. Miller joined the Food
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