Bailey.Academic_Writing

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Acknowledgements I would like to thank the many staff and students at the Centre for English Language Education (CELE) at The University of Nottingham who have piloted these materials, and in particular my colleagues Ann Smith, Janet Sanders, John Rabone and Sandra Haywood for their help in unravelling some of the finer points of academic language. My wife, Rene, deserves my warmest thanks for her unfailing support, advice and encouragement during the project’s development. The authors and publishers wish to thank the following for permission to reproduce photographs and other copyright material in this book. Corel 76 (NT) p. 39; Corel 102 (NT) p. 128; Corel 392 (NT) p. 159; Corel 631 (NT) p. 44; Corel 787 (NT) p. 54; Joe Cornish/Digital Vision LL (NT) p. 50; Illustrated London News V1 (NT) p. 74; Illustrated London News V2 (NT) p. 4; Photodisc 31 (NT) p. 108; Photodisc 41 (NT) p. 61; Photodisc 46 (NT) pp. 74, 111; Photodisc 71 (NT) p. 12; Photodisc 72 (NT) p. 24; Stockbyte 31 (NT) p. 79. Every effort has been made to contact copyright holders and the publishers apologise to anyone whose rights have been inadvertently overlooked and will be happy to rectify any errors or omissions. Teachers and lecturers using this book with a class will be able to find extra teaching material within the teacher resources section of the Routledge website at http://www.routledge.com/education.
Page 2: Academic Writing A Handbook for Int
Page 5 and 6: First edition published in 2003 by
Page 7 and 8: vi Contents Part 3: ACCURACY IN WRI
Page 9: viii Introduction Although every ef
Page 14 and 15: 1.1 Background to Writing Most univ
Page 16 and 17: 1.1 Background to Writing 5 cross-r
Page 18 and 19: 1.2 Avoiding Plagiarism All student
Page 20 and 21: 1.3 From Titles to Outlines Most wr
Page 22 and 23: 1.3 From Titles to Outlines 11 Titl
Page 24 and 25: 1.4 Evaluating Texts Having underst
Page 26 and 27: 1.4 Evaluating Texts 15 5. Evaluate
Page 28 and 29: 1.5 Understanding Purpose and Regis
Page 30 and 31: 1.5 Understanding Purpose and Regis
Page 32 and 33: 1.6 Selecting Key Points After sele
Page 34 and 35: 1.6 Selecting Key Points 23 century
Page 36 and 37: 1.7 Note-making Effective note-maki
Page 38 and 39: 1.7 Note-making 27 b) Sources shoul
Page 40 and 41: 1.8 Paraphrasing Paraphrasing invol
Page 42 and 43: 1.8 Paraphrasing 31 b) Today the in
Page 44 and 45: 1.9 Summary Writing 33 i) use your
Page 46 and 47: 1.9 Summary Writing 35 8. The origi
Page 48 and 49: 1.10 Combining Sources 37 Source B
Page 50 and 51: 1.11 Planning Essays Outline planni
Page 52 and 53: 1.11 Planning Essays 41 iii) iv) c)
Page 54 and 55: 1.12 Organising Paragraphs Paragrap
Page 56 and 57: 1.12 Organising Paragraphs 45 1. to
Page 58 and 59: 1.12 Organising Paragraphs 47 1. 2.
Page 60 and 61:
1.13 Organising the Main Body 49 cr
Page 62 and 63:
1.13 Organising the Main Body 51 an
Page 64 and 65:
1.14 Introductions 53 cross-referen
Page 66 and 67:
1.14 Introductions 55 (As this is a
Page 68 and 69:
1.15 Conclusions 57 h) To empirical
Page 70 and 71:
1.15 Conclusions 59 cross-reference
Page 72 and 73:
1.16 Rewriting and Proof-reading 61
Page 74 and 75:
1.16 Rewriting and Proof-reading 63
Page 76:
2. Elements of Writing Student Intr
Page 79 and 80:
68 Elements of Writing 3. Analyse t
Page 81 and 82:
2.2 Cause and Effect cross-referenc
Page 83 and 84:
72 Elements of Writing 5. Study the
Page 85 and 86:
74 Elements of Writing Reference Re
Page 87 and 88:
76 Elements of Writing 5. Note the
Page 89 and 90:
78 Elements of Writing The table a)
Page 91 and 92:
80 Elements of Writing cross-refere
Page 93 and 94:
2.6 Discussion cross-reference 4.6
Page 95 and 96:
84 Elements of Writing 5. It is imp
Page 97 and 98:
2.7 Examples cross-reference 3.7 Co
Page 99 and 100:
88 Elements of Writing cross-refere
Page 101 and 102:
90 Elements of Writing as the cosmo
Page 103 and 104:
2.9 Numbers cross-reference 2.16 Vi
Page 105 and 106:
94 Elements of Writing a) Of the 41
Page 107 and 108:
2.10 Opening Paragraphs cross-refer
Page 109 and 110:
98 Elements of Writing 5. Study the
Page 111 and 112:
100 Elements of Writing cross-refer
Page 113 and 114:
102 Elements of Writing REFERENCES
Page 115 and 116:
104 Elements of Writing 4. Study th
Page 117 and 118:
106 Elements of Writing c) Be as pr
Page 119 and 120:
108 Elements of Writing schooling c
Page 121 and 122:
110 Elements of Writing feeling emo
Page 123 and 124:
2.15 Variation in Sentence Length c
Page 125 and 126:
2.16 Visual Information cross-refer
Page 127 and 128:
116 Elements of Writing
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118 Elements of Writing 7. Complete
Page 132 and 133:
3.1 Abbreviations 1. Abbreviations
Page 134 and 135:
3.1 Abbreviations 123 e) See the OE
Page 136 and 137:
3.2 Academic Vocabulary 125 cross-r
Page 138 and 139:
3.3 Adverbs 1. Adverbs are used in
Page 140 and 141:
3.3 Adverbs 129 c) The price was re
Page 142 and 143:
3.4 Articles 131 i) names of countr
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3.5 Caution cross-reference 2.13 St
Page 146 and 147:
3.5 Caution 135 cross-reference 3.2
Page 148 and 149:
3.6 Confusing Pairs 137 quite (adv.
Page 150 and 151:
3.7 Conjunctions 139 Study the use
Page 152 and 153:
3.7 Conjunctions 141 history of pop
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3.8 Nationality Language 143 With o
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3.9 Nouns and Adjectives 145 i) Thi
Page 158 and 159:
3.10 Nouns - Countable and Uncounta
Page 160 and 161:
3.10 Nouns - Countable and Uncounta
Page 162 and 163:
3.11 Nouns - Umbrella 151 2. Insert
Page 164 and 165:
3.12 Prefixes and Suffixes 153 sub
Page 166 and 167:
3.13 Prepositions cross-reference 3
Page 168 and 169:
3.13 Prepositions 157 makes a signi
Page 170 and 171:
3.14 Punctuation 159 cross-referenc
Page 172 and 173:
3.15 Relative Pronouns cross-refere
Page 174 and 175:
3.15 Relative Pronouns 163 Decide i
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3.16 Singular or Plural? 165 Certai
Page 178 and 179:
3.17 Time Words and Phrases 167 4.
Page 180 and 181:
3.18 Verbs - Formality cross-refere
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3.18 Verbs - Formality 171 e) It se
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3.19 Verbs - Modal 173 c) Students
Page 186 and 187:
3.20 Verbs - Passives cross-referen
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3.20 Verbs - Passives 177 In 1889 h
Page 190 and 191:
3.21 Verbs and Prepositions 179 g)
Page 192 and 193:
3.22 Verbs of Reference 181 f) F:
Page 194 and 195:
3.23 Verbs - Tenses 183 b) GM . . .
Page 196:
4. Writing Models Student Introduct
Page 199 and 200:
188 Writing Models Note the followi
Page 201 and 202:
190 Writing Models NB a) The above
Page 203 and 204:
192 Writing Models Table 1. Do you
Page 205 and 206:
4.4 Taking Ideas from Sources cross
Page 207 and 208:
196 Writing Models improvement. A f
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198 Writing Models part of a class
Page 211 and 212:
200 Writing Models cross-reference
Page 213 and 214:
202 Writing Tests . . .) for exampl
Page 215 and 216:
Answers Providing answers for a wri
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206 Answers 5c 5d 5e 6a 6b 6c A rep
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208 Answers 5a 5b 3. . . . the pres
Page 221 and 222:
210 Answers trades unions defended
Page 223 and 224:
212 Answers 1.11 Planning Essays 1
Page 225 and 226:
214 Answers Model answers for (6-9)
Page 227 and 228:
216 Answers 4e historically the dis
Page 229 and 230:
218 Answers 6f 6g depends on/educat
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220 Answers 5A g she 5A h his 5B a
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222 Answers 5b department store lar
Page 235 and 236:
224 Answers 4a Unemployment in 1989
Page 237 and 238:
226 Answers 5c 8a According to Orwe
Page 239 and 240:
228 Answers 4f explain/idea or theo
Page 241 and 242:
230 Answers 5f 5g 5h 5i Iran half p
Page 243 and 244:
232 Answers 3.4 Articles 4a - 4b Th
Page 245 and 246:
234 Answers 3.6 Confusing Pairs 2a
Page 247 and 248:
236 Answers 8b This department must
Page 249 and 250:
238 Answers synthesis average reaso
Page 251 and 252:
240 Answers 4a 4b 4c 4d 4e 4f 8a 8b
Page 253 and 254:
242 Answers 6b of 6c in/to 6d to 6e
Page 255 and 256:
244 Answers 7i X 3.16 Singular/Plur
Page 257 and 258:
246 Answers 2a 2b 2c 2d 2e 2f 2g 2h
Page 259 and 260:
248 Answers 3.20 Verbs - Passives 2
Page 261 and 262:
250 Answers 5f 5g 5h 5i Q commended
Page 263 and 264:
252 Answers 2 Model answer Mr M Bra
Page 265 and 266:
254 Answers 2e respondents 2f Inter
Page 267 and 268:
256 Answers 1h begins/tends/seems 1
Page 269 and 270:
258 Answers Writing Test 4 Model an
Page 271 and 272:
260 Sources Nazarov, V., Radostin,
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