Bailey.Academic_Writing

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2.2 Cause and Effect 71 It rained heavily for days, therefore the flooding was severe. (used in mid-sentence) NB It is more common to use conjunctions to illustrate particular situations. 3. Decide whether the following are particular or general, then complete them with a suitable verb or conjunction. a) Childhood vaccination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . reduced infant mortality. b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the cold winter hospital admissions increased. c) Printing money . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . higher inflation. d) The summer was extremely dry, . ................. . . . . . . . . . . many trees died. e) In 2003, falling sales . .......................... . . . . . . the company closing two factories. Write two more sentences from your own subject area. f) g) 4. Use conjunctions to complete the following paragraph. WHY WOMEN LIVE LONGER Some British scientists now believe that women live longer than men a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T cells, a vital part of the immune system that protects the body from diseases. Previously, various theories have attempted to explain longer female life expectancy. Biologists claimed that women lived longer b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . they need to bring up children. Others argued that men take more risks, c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . they die earlier. But a team from Imperial College think that the difference may be d) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . women having better immune systems. Having studied a group of men and women they found that the body produces fewer T cells as it gets older, e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the ageing process. However, they admit that this may not be the only factor, and f) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . another research project may be conducted.
72 Elements of <strong>Writing</strong> 5. Study the flowchart and complete the paragraph which describes it. During a recession, government can lower taxes people have more money to spend and buy more goods and services increased demand for goods and services government has higher income from taxation and spends less on social security lower unemployment more jobs created to satisfy demand If a country is suffering from economic recession, the government can reduce taxation. ...................... .................................................... .................................................... .................................................... .................................................... .................................................... .................................................... .................................................... .................................................... .................................................... .................................................... ............. 6. Draw a flowchart similar to the one above, for your own subject, and write a paragraph to describe it.
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Academic Writing A Handbook for Int
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First edition published in 2003 by
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vi Contents Part 3: ACCURACY IN WRI
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viii Introduction Although every ef
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1. The Writing Process Student Intr
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4 The Writing Process: Writing Foun
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10 The Writing Process: Writing Fou
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12 The Writing Process: Writing Fou
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14 The Writing Process: Reading and
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Page 43 and 44: 1.9 Summary Writing Making summarie
Page 47 and 48: 1.10 Combining Sources Most essays
Page 51 and 52: 40 The Writing Process: Writing Sta
Page 59 and 60: 1.13 Organising the Main Body This
Page 63 and 64: 1.14 Introductions An introduction
Page 67 and 68: 1.15 Conclusions There is usually a
Page 71 and 72: 1.16 Rewriting and Proof-reading Wh
Page 78 and 79: 2.1 Argument cross-reference 1.12 O
Page 80 and 81: 2.1 Argument 69 5. Think of a simil
Page 84 and 85: 2.3 Cohesion cross-reference 3.7 Co
Page 86 and 87: 2.4 Comparison cross-reference 2.9
Page 88 and 89: 2.4 Comparison 77 cross-reference 4
Page 90 and 91: 2.5 Definitions cross-reference 1.1
Page 92 and 93: 2.5 Definitions 81 Higher education
Page 94 and 95: 2.6 Discussion 83 a) Instead of goi
Page 96 and 97: 2.6 Discussion 85 7. Complete the f
Page 98 and 99: 2.7 Examples 87 a) A number of spor
Page 100 and 101: 2.8 Generalisations 1. In written w
Page 102 and 103: 2.8 Generalisations 91 5. Study the
Page 104 and 105: 2.9 Numbers 93 Dozens of villages w
Page 106 and 107: 2.9 Numbers 95 c) More than 80% of
Page 108 and 109: 2.10 Opening Pargaraphs 97 3. It is
Page 110 and 111: 2.11 References and Quotations cros
Page 112 and 113: 2.11 References and Quotations 101
Page 114 and 115: 2.12 Restatement and Repetition 1.
Page 116 and 117: 2.13 Style 1. Study the style of th
Page 118 and 119: 2.13 Style 107 l) Avoid using two-w
Page 120 and 121: 2.14 Synonyms cross-reference 1.8 P
Page 122 and 123: 2.14 Synonyms 111 5. Identify the s
Page 124 and 125: 2.15 Variation in Sentence Length 1
Page 126 and 127: 2.16 Visual Information 115 2. The
Page 128 and 129: 2.16 Visual Information 117 5. Comp
Page 130: 3. Accuracy in Writing Student Intr
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122 Accuracy in Writing cross-refer
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3.2 Academic Vocabulary cross-refer
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126 Accuracy in Writing 5. Complete
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128 Accuracy in Writing 4. Insert a
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3.4 Articles cross-reference 3.10 N
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132 Accuracy in Writing 5. Complete
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134 Accuracy in Writing 3. Rewrite
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3.6 Confusing Pairs 1. Study the fo
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3.7 Conjunctions cross-reference 1.
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140 Accuracy in Writing b) The long
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3.8 Nationality Language 1. Most na
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3.9 Nouns and Adjectives cross-refe
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146 Accuracy in Writing b) 365.25 d
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148 Accuracy in Writing NEGATIVES N
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3.11 Nouns - Umbrella cross-referen
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3.12 Prefixes and Suffixes 1. Autom
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154 Accuracy in Writing 7. Meaning
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156 Accuracy in Writing g) . . . mo
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3.14 Punctuation 1. Capitals It is
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160 Accuracy in Writing c) how many
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162 Accuracy in Writing 4. Decide i
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3.16 Singular or Plural? cross-refe
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3.17 Time Words and Phrases cross-r
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168 Accuracy in Writing 6. Study th
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170 Accuracy in Writing to overcome
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3.19 Verbs - Modal cross-reference
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174 Accuracy in Writing The poorest
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176 Accuracy in Writing g) They cal
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3.21 Verbs and Prepositions cross-r
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3.22 Verbs of Reference cross-refer
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3.23 Verbs - Tenses 1. Decide which
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184 Accuracy in Writing cross-refer
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4.1 Formal Letters cross-reference
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4.2 CVs 1. CV stands for curriculum
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4.3 Reporting and Designing Surveys
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4.3 Reporting and Designing Surveys
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4.4 Taking Ideas from Sources 195 c
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4.5 Comparison Essay cross-referenc
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4.6 Discussion Essay cross-referenc
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Writing Tests These tests can be us
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Writing Tests 203 are only two d) .
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Answers 205 1.2 Avoiding Plagiarism
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Answers 207 4a 4b 4c 4d 4e 4f 5a 5b
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Answers 209 5 Source: Nemecova, I.
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Answers 211 7 Model answer Indian s
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Answers 213 • University educatio
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Answers 215 3 1. Literature review
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Answers 217 Limitations: Although t
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Answers 219 4c 4d 4e 4f consequentl
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Answers 221 9d 9e 9f 9g On than the
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Answers 223 2.7 Examples 2a e.g./su
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Answers 225 5b The numbers doubled
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Answers 227 6 Currently, fast food
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Answers 229 5 Developing countries
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Answers 231 2i correlation 2j analy
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Answers 233 5t the 5u the 5v the 5w
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Answers 235 Addition: moreover/as w
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Answers 237 strength/confidence/tru
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Answers 239 6e little 3.11 Nouns -
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Answers 241 Adj .+ = valuable for P
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Answers 243 1b who 1c which/that 1d
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Answers 245 4e 4f 4g 5a 5b 5c 5d 5e
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Answers 247 3h predict 3.19 Verbs -
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Answers 249 2d 2e 2f 2g 2h 4a 4b 4c
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Answers 251 4e 4f 4g 4h 6a 6b 6c 6d
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Answers 253 3 Model answer The Mana
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Answers 255 d There may be many peo
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Answers 257 4) we have no way of kn
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Sources Quotations from the followi
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