Bailey.Academic_Writing

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2.14 Synonyms cross-reference 1.8 Paraphrasing 1. When writing it is necessary to find synonyms in order to provide variety and interest for the reader: General Motors is the largest motor company in the world, with total revenues amounting to 15% of the global automotive market. The giant firm employs 360,000 people internationally. largest company motor in the world giant firm automotive global/internationally a) Synonyms are not always exactly the same in meaning, but it is important not to change the register. Firm is a good synonym for company, but boss is too informal to use for manager. b) Synonyms are also needed when paraphrasing or notetaking to avoid plagiarism. 2. a) The accuracy of a synonym is often dependent on context. Both pupil and student could be used to identify a 15-yearold schoolgirl, but when she goes to university only student is normally used. Scholar might be a possible synonym, but it is very formal. Similarly, at university a lecturer could also be called a teacher, but in school the only possible synonym for teacher is the old-fashioned master or mistress. b) Many basic words, e.g. culture, economy, society or science, have no effective synonyms. cross-reference 3.2 <strong>Academic</strong> Vocabulary 3.11 Nouns – Umbrella 3. Some common academic synonyms Nouns Verbs goal target reduce decrease study research achieve reach results findings alter change area field evaluate examine authority source claim suggest benefit advantage assist help category type attach join component part challenge question concept idea clarify explain behaviour conduct quote cite controversy argument concentrate focus
110 Elements of <strong>Writing</strong> feeling emotion confine limit beliefs ethics show demonstrate expansion increase eliminate remove interpretation explanation found establish issue topic develop evolve method system maintain insist option possibility predict forecast statistics figures prohibit ban framework structure retain keep trend tendency strengthen reinforce quotation citation accelerate speed up drawback disadvantage reduce cut output production 4. Find synonyms for the words and phrases in italics. a) Professor Hicks questioned the findings of the research. b) The statistics show a steady expansion in applications. c) The institute’s prediction has caused a major controversy. d) Cost seems to be the leading drawback to that system. e) They will concentrate on the first option. f) After the lecture she tried to clarify her concept. g) Three issues need to be examined. h) The framework can be retained but the goal needs to be altered. i) OPEC, the oil producers’ cartel, is to cut production to raise global prices. j) The trend to smaller families has speeded up in the last decade.
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Academic Writing A Handbook for Int
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First edition published in 2003 by
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vi Contents Part 3: ACCURACY IN WRI
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viii Introduction Although every ef
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1. The Writing Process Student Intr
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4 The Writing Process: Writing Foun
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10 The Writing Process: Writing Fou
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12 The Writing Process: Writing Fou
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14 The Writing Process: Reading and
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1.9 Summary Writing Making summarie
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1.10 Combining Sources Most essays
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40 The Writing Process: Writing Sta
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1.13 Organising the Main Body This
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1.14 Introductions An introduction
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1.15 Conclusions There is usually a
Page 69 and 70: 58 The Writing Process: Writing Sta
Page 71 and 72: 1.16 Rewriting and Proof-reading Wh
Page 78 and 79: 2.1 Argument cross-reference 1.12 O
Page 80 and 81: 2.1 Argument 69 5. Think of a simil
Page 82 and 83: 2.2 Cause and Effect 71 It rained h
Page 84 and 85: 2.3 Cohesion cross-reference 3.7 Co
Page 86 and 87: 2.4 Comparison cross-reference 2.9
Page 88 and 89: 2.4 Comparison 77 cross-reference 4
Page 90 and 91: 2.5 Definitions cross-reference 1.1
Page 92 and 93: 2.5 Definitions 81 Higher education
Page 94 and 95: 2.6 Discussion 83 a) Instead of goi
Page 96 and 97: 2.6 Discussion 85 7. Complete the f
Page 98 and 99: 2.7 Examples 87 a) A number of spor
Page 100 and 101: 2.8 Generalisations 1. In written w
Page 102 and 103: 2.8 Generalisations 91 5. Study the
Page 104 and 105: 2.9 Numbers 93 Dozens of villages w
Page 106 and 107: 2.9 Numbers 95 c) More than 80% of
Page 108 and 109: 2.10 Opening Pargaraphs 97 3. It is
Page 110 and 111: 2.11 References and Quotations cros
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Page 114 and 115: 2.12 Restatement and Repetition 1.
Page 116 and 117: 2.13 Style 1. Study the style of th
Page 118 and 119: 2.13 Style 107 l) Avoid using two-w
Page 122 and 123: 2.14 Synonyms 111 5. Identify the s
Page 124 and 125: 2.15 Variation in Sentence Length 1
Page 126 and 127: 2.16 Visual Information 115 2. The
Page 128 and 129: 2.16 Visual Information 117 5. Comp
Page 130: 3. Accuracy in Writing Student Intr
Page 133 and 134: 122 Accuracy in Writing cross-refer
Page 135 and 136: 3.2 Academic Vocabulary cross-refer
Page 137 and 138: 126 Accuracy in Writing 5. Complete
Page 139 and 140: 128 Accuracy in Writing 4. Insert a
Page 141 and 142: 3.4 Articles cross-reference 3.10 N
Page 143 and 144: 132 Accuracy in Writing 5. Complete
Page 145 and 146: 134 Accuracy in Writing 3. Rewrite
Page 147 and 148: 3.6 Confusing Pairs 1. Study the fo
Page 149 and 150: 3.7 Conjunctions cross-reference 1.
Page 151 and 152: 140 Accuracy in Writing b) The long
Page 153 and 154: 3.8 Nationality Language 1. Most na
Page 155 and 156: 3.9 Nouns and Adjectives cross-refe
Page 157 and 158: 146 Accuracy in Writing b) 365.25 d
Page 159 and 160: 148 Accuracy in Writing NEGATIVES N
Page 161 and 162: 3.11 Nouns - Umbrella cross-referen
Page 163 and 164: 3.12 Prefixes and Suffixes 1. Autom
Page 165 and 166: 154 Accuracy in Writing 7. Meaning
Page 167 and 168: 156 Accuracy in Writing g) . . . mo
Page 169 and 170: 3.14 Punctuation 1. Capitals It is
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160 Accuracy in Writing c) how many
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162 Accuracy in Writing 4. Decide i
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3.16 Singular or Plural? cross-refe
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3.17 Time Words and Phrases cross-r
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168 Accuracy in Writing 6. Study th
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170 Accuracy in Writing to overcome
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3.19 Verbs - Modal cross-reference
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174 Accuracy in Writing The poorest
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176 Accuracy in Writing g) They cal
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3.21 Verbs and Prepositions cross-r
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3.22 Verbs of Reference cross-refer
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3.23 Verbs - Tenses 1. Decide which
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184 Accuracy in Writing cross-refer
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4.1 Formal Letters cross-reference
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4.2 CVs 1. CV stands for curriculum
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4.3 Reporting and Designing Surveys
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4.3 Reporting and Designing Surveys
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4.4 Taking Ideas from Sources 195 c
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4.5 Comparison Essay cross-referenc
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4.6 Discussion Essay cross-referenc
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Writing Tests These tests can be us
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Writing Tests 203 are only two d) .
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Answers 205 1.2 Avoiding Plagiarism
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Answers 207 4a 4b 4c 4d 4e 4f 5a 5b
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Answers 209 5 Source: Nemecova, I.
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Answers 211 7 Model answer Indian s
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Answers 213 • University educatio
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Answers 215 3 1. Literature review
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Answers 217 Limitations: Although t
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Answers 219 4c 4d 4e 4f consequentl
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Answers 221 9d 9e 9f 9g On than the
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Answers 223 2.7 Examples 2a e.g./su
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Answers 225 5b The numbers doubled
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Answers 227 6 Currently, fast food
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Answers 229 5 Developing countries
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Answers 231 2i correlation 2j analy
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Answers 233 5t the 5u the 5v the 5w
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Answers 235 Addition: moreover/as w
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Answers 237 strength/confidence/tru
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Answers 239 6e little 3.11 Nouns -
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Answers 241 Adj .+ = valuable for P
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Answers 243 1b who 1c which/that 1d
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Answers 245 4e 4f 4g 5a 5b 5c 5d 5e
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Answers 247 3h predict 3.19 Verbs -
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Answers 249 2d 2e 2f 2g 2h 4a 4b 4c
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Answers 251 4e 4f 4g 4h 6a 6b 6c 6d
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Answers 253 3 Model answer The Mana
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Answers 255 d There may be many peo
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Answers 257 4) we have no way of kn
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Sources Quotations from the followi
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