Bailey.Academic_Writing

214 Answers
Model answers for (6–9)
6 1. . . . was developed in the 19th century.
2. . . . to isolate, punish and reform.
3. . . . there has been a steep rise in the number of prisoners.
4. . . . as being ‘universities of crime’.
5. . . . how effective prisons are today.
7 1. Prisons appear to offer society three benefits.
2. Firstly, they punish prisoners by depriving them of freedom.
3. In addition, offenders are segregated from society so they cannot commit further
crimes.
4. Finally, they offer the possibility of reform through training programmes.
8 1. Prisons, however, appear to many observers to be failing in the twenty-first
century.
2. In most countries the prison population is rising steadily.
3. Furthermore, many prisoners return to prison after their release; they are repeat
offenders.
4. This suggests that few prisons offer effective reform programmes.
5. In addition, prison conditions can often be brutal and degrading.
9 Prisons have existed in their present form for about 200 years and are clearly necessary
to deter and punish criminals. However, they are often no longer successful in this
aim, as shown by the steady increase in the prison population, and the rise of reoffending.
It would appear that more emphasis should be placed on reform and
education, as well as examining alternatives to prison, such as community work.
1.13 Organising the Main Body
1a For and against/type 1
1b Comparison
1c Development
2 Structure: For and against/type 1
1. many older students have lost interest in learning and disrupt classes
2. problem students waste everybody’s time, including their own
3. some students are more suited to work which doesn’t require qualifications
4. in future, almost all jobs will require academic skills
5. if they left at 14, students would be unlikely to find proper jobs
6. effort should be made in primary schools to prevent pupils falling behind