Bailey.Academic_Writing

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1.6 Selecting Key Points 23 century were comparable with the extinctions of earlier periods, evidence of which is found in the fossil record. 5. When preparing to write an essay you may be concerned with only one aspect of a text, so that your key points relate only to the topic you are examining. a) You are planning to write an essay on ‘Marketing – art or science?’ Read the text below and underline the sections relevant to your essay. BOTTLED WATER UNDER ATTACK The Water Companies Association (WCA) has claimed that bottled water costs 700 times more than tap water, but is often of inferior quality. The chief executive of the WCA pointed out that although bottled water advertising often associated the product with sport and health there was no truth in this link. The reality, she said, was that the packaging of bottled water was environmentally damaging, since millions of empty bottles had to be disposed of in rubbish tips. 2% of samples of bottled water failed a purity test conducted by the Drinking Water Inspectorate, while only 0.3% of tap water samples failed the same test. Labels on bottled water often referred to ‘spring’ and ‘natural water’, which were meaningless phrases. In addition, bottled water was imported from as far as Korea and Kenya, which was a waste of resources. These criticisms, however, were rejected by the British Soft Drinks Association, which argued that bottled water was a successful business founded on giving the customers choice, quality and convenience. b) You are preparing an essay on ‘The application of DNA research to the development of vaccines’. Read the text and underline the relevant sections. NEW LIGHT ON THE PLAGUE The plague, which first struck Europe in the sixth century, was one of the great disasters of history. In the fourteenth century it became the Black Death, when it may have killed one-third of the entire population. The microbe that causes the disease lives on rats, and is passed on to humans by the bite of a flea. It still survives today, though outbreaks are less deadly: the World Health Organization receives reports of 3,000 cases annually. Scientists believe that the microbe was originally a stomach infection, but evolved into a more lethal disease about 1,500 years ago. Now the genetic code of the plague bacterium has been ‘read’ by scientists; a total of 465 million ‘letters’ of DNA. They believe that this will help in the development of
24 The <strong>Writing</strong> Process: Reading and Note-making vaccines for the plague, one of which has begun clinical trials. In parts of Africa drug-resistant strains of the disease have evolved, which gives added importance to the work, as does the threat that the plague might be used as an agent of bacteriological warfare.
Page 2: Academic Writing A Handbook for Int
Page 5 and 6: First edition published in 2003 by
Page 7 and 8: vi Contents Part 3: ACCURACY IN WRI
Page 9 and 10: viii Introduction Although every ef
Page 12: 1. The Writing Process Student Intr
Page 15 and 16: 4 The Writing Process: Writing Foun
Page 21 and 22: 10 The Writing Process: Writing Fou
Page 23 and 24: 12 The Writing Process: Writing Fou
Page 25 and 26: 14 The Writing Process: Reading and
Page 33: 22 The Writing Process: Reading and
Page 43 and 44: 1.9 Summary Writing Making summarie
Page 47 and 48: 1.10 Combining Sources Most essays
Page 51 and 52: 40 The Writing Process: Writing Sta
Page 59 and 60: 1.13 Organising the Main Body This
Page 63 and 64: 1.14 Introductions An introduction
Page 67 and 68: 1.15 Conclusions There is usually a
Page 71 and 72: 1.16 Rewriting and Proof-reading Wh
Page 78 and 79: 2.1 Argument cross-reference 1.12 O
Page 80 and 81: 2.1 Argument 69 5. Think of a simil
Page 82 and 83: 2.2 Cause and Effect 71 It rained h
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2.3 Cohesion cross-reference 3.7 Co
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2.4 Comparison cross-reference 2.9
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2.4 Comparison 77 cross-reference 4
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2.5 Definitions cross-reference 1.1
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2.5 Definitions 81 Higher education
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2.6 Discussion 83 a) Instead of goi
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2.6 Discussion 85 7. Complete the f
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2.7 Examples 87 a) A number of spor
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2.8 Generalisations 1. In written w
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2.8 Generalisations 91 5. Study the
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2.9 Numbers 93 Dozens of villages w
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2.9 Numbers 95 c) More than 80% of
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2.10 Opening Pargaraphs 97 3. It is
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2.11 References and Quotations cros
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2.11 References and Quotations 101
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2.12 Restatement and Repetition 1.
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2.13 Style 1. Study the style of th
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2.13 Style 107 l) Avoid using two-w
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2.14 Synonyms cross-reference 1.8 P
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2.14 Synonyms 111 5. Identify the s
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2.15 Variation in Sentence Length 1
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2.16 Visual Information 115 2. The
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2.16 Visual Information 117 5. Comp
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3. Accuracy in Writing Student Intr
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122 Accuracy in Writing cross-refer
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3.2 Academic Vocabulary cross-refer
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126 Accuracy in Writing 5. Complete
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128 Accuracy in Writing 4. Insert a
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3.4 Articles cross-reference 3.10 N
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132 Accuracy in Writing 5. Complete
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134 Accuracy in Writing 3. Rewrite
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3.6 Confusing Pairs 1. Study the fo
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3.7 Conjunctions cross-reference 1.
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140 Accuracy in Writing b) The long
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3.8 Nationality Language 1. Most na
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3.9 Nouns and Adjectives cross-refe
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146 Accuracy in Writing b) 365.25 d
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148 Accuracy in Writing NEGATIVES N
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3.11 Nouns - Umbrella cross-referen
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3.12 Prefixes and Suffixes 1. Autom
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154 Accuracy in Writing 7. Meaning
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156 Accuracy in Writing g) . . . mo
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3.14 Punctuation 1. Capitals It is
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160 Accuracy in Writing c) how many
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162 Accuracy in Writing 4. Decide i
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3.16 Singular or Plural? cross-refe
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3.17 Time Words and Phrases cross-r
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168 Accuracy in Writing 6. Study th
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170 Accuracy in Writing to overcome
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3.19 Verbs - Modal cross-reference
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174 Accuracy in Writing The poorest
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176 Accuracy in Writing g) They cal
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3.21 Verbs and Prepositions cross-r
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3.22 Verbs of Reference cross-refer
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3.23 Verbs - Tenses 1. Decide which
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184 Accuracy in Writing cross-refer
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4.1 Formal Letters cross-reference
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4.2 CVs 1. CV stands for curriculum
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4.3 Reporting and Designing Surveys
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4.3 Reporting and Designing Surveys
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4.4 Taking Ideas from Sources 195 c
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4.5 Comparison Essay cross-referenc
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4.6 Discussion Essay cross-referenc
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Writing Tests These tests can be us
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Writing Tests 203 are only two d) .
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Answers 205 1.2 Avoiding Plagiarism
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Answers 207 4a 4b 4c 4d 4e 4f 5a 5b
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Answers 209 5 Source: Nemecova, I.
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Answers 211 7 Model answer Indian s
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Answers 213 • University educatio
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Answers 215 3 1. Literature review
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Answers 217 Limitations: Although t
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Answers 219 4c 4d 4e 4f consequentl
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Answers 221 9d 9e 9f 9g On than the
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Answers 223 2.7 Examples 2a e.g./su
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Answers 225 5b The numbers doubled
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Answers 227 6 Currently, fast food
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Answers 229 5 Developing countries
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Answers 231 2i correlation 2j analy
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Answers 233 5t the 5u the 5v the 5w
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Answers 235 Addition: moreover/as w
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Answers 237 strength/confidence/tru
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Answers 239 6e little 3.11 Nouns -
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Answers 241 Adj .+ = valuable for P
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Answers 243 1b who 1c which/that 1d
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Answers 245 4e 4f 4g 5a 5b 5c 5d 5e
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Answers 247 3h predict 3.19 Verbs -
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Answers 249 2d 2e 2f 2g 2h 4a 4b 4c
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Answers 251 4e 4f 4g 4h 6a 6b 6c 6d
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Answers 253 3 Model answer The Mana
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Answers 255 d There may be many peo
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Answers 257 4) we have no way of kn
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Sources Quotations from the followi
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