Bailey.Academic_Writing

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2.15 Variation in Sentence Length 113 discourage students, who see them as a sign of a good education, and compete more fiercely for places, leading to the result that a place at a good college can cost $8,000 per year for fees and maintenance. 5. It can be effective to either begin or end a paragraph with a short sentence: Imposing tuition fees can cause political difficulties in both developing and developed nations. In Scotland the introduction of fees, at the same time as maintenance grants were ended, led to a marked decline in enrolments from poorer students. Fees have now been abolished in Scotland. Modify the following so that it has a short first or last sentence. Developing countries are under the greatest financial pressure, and may also experience difficulties in introducing loan schemes for students, since the lack of private capital markets restricts the source of borrowing for governments, which are often unable to raise sufficient cheap funds, while a further restraint has been the high default rates by students unable to repay their loans. 6. Write a paragraph about university funding in your country. Use a mixture of short and long sentences.
2.16 Visual Information cross-reference 2.9 Numbers 1. Visual devices such as graphs and tables are convenient ways of displaying large quantities of information in a form that is quick and simple to understand. Below are illustrations of some of the main types of visuals used in academic texts. Match the uses (a–f) to the types (1–6) and the examples (A–F) in the box below. Uses: a) location b) comparison c) proportion d) function e) changes in time f) statistical display TYPES USES EXAMPLE 1) diagram 2) table 3) map 4) pie chart 5) bar chart 6) line graph 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 B. Part-time student enrolments Business 205 Education 176 History 83 Law 15 Agriculture 7 A. % students with part-time jobs Education Business Law Medicine C. Origins of international students 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 D. Student admissions by subject area Director Manager Deputy director Sports centre Technical staff Secretarial staff E. Structure of the Language Centre Teaching staff Entrance Library F. Position of the main library
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Academic Writing A Handbook for Int
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First edition published in 2003 by
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vi Contents Part 3: ACCURACY IN WRI
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viii Introduction Although every ef
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1. The Writing Process Student Intr
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4 The Writing Process: Writing Foun
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10 The Writing Process: Writing Fou
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12 The Writing Process: Writing Fou
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14 The Writing Process: Reading and
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1.9 Summary Writing Making summarie
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1.10 Combining Sources Most essays
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40 The Writing Process: Writing Sta
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1.13 Organising the Main Body This
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1.14 Introductions An introduction
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1.15 Conclusions There is usually a
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1.16 Rewriting and Proof-reading Wh
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Page 78 and 79: 2.1 Argument cross-reference 1.12 O
Page 80 and 81: 2.1 Argument 69 5. Think of a simil
Page 82 and 83: 2.2 Cause and Effect 71 It rained h
Page 84 and 85: 2.3 Cohesion cross-reference 3.7 Co
Page 86 and 87: 2.4 Comparison cross-reference 2.9
Page 88 and 89: 2.4 Comparison 77 cross-reference 4
Page 90 and 91: 2.5 Definitions cross-reference 1.1
Page 92 and 93: 2.5 Definitions 81 Higher education
Page 94 and 95: 2.6 Discussion 83 a) Instead of goi
Page 96 and 97: 2.6 Discussion 85 7. Complete the f
Page 98 and 99: 2.7 Examples 87 a) A number of spor
Page 100 and 101: 2.8 Generalisations 1. In written w
Page 102 and 103: 2.8 Generalisations 91 5. Study the
Page 104 and 105: 2.9 Numbers 93 Dozens of villages w
Page 106 and 107: 2.9 Numbers 95 c) More than 80% of
Page 108 and 109: 2.10 Opening Pargaraphs 97 3. It is
Page 110 and 111: 2.11 References and Quotations cros
Page 112 and 113: 2.11 References and Quotations 101
Page 114 and 115: 2.12 Restatement and Repetition 1.
Page 116 and 117: 2.13 Style 1. Study the style of th
Page 118 and 119: 2.13 Style 107 l) Avoid using two-w
Page 120 and 121: 2.14 Synonyms cross-reference 1.8 P
Page 122 and 123: 2.14 Synonyms 111 5. Identify the s
Page 126 and 127: 2.16 Visual Information 115 2. The
Page 128 and 129: 2.16 Visual Information 117 5. Comp
Page 130: 3. Accuracy in Writing Student Intr
Page 133 and 134: 122 Accuracy in Writing cross-refer
Page 135 and 136: 3.2 Academic Vocabulary cross-refer
Page 137 and 138: 126 Accuracy in Writing 5. Complete
Page 139 and 140: 128 Accuracy in Writing 4. Insert a
Page 141 and 142: 3.4 Articles cross-reference 3.10 N
Page 143 and 144: 132 Accuracy in Writing 5. Complete
Page 145 and 146: 134 Accuracy in Writing 3. Rewrite
Page 147 and 148: 3.6 Confusing Pairs 1. Study the fo
Page 149 and 150: 3.7 Conjunctions cross-reference 1.
Page 151 and 152: 140 Accuracy in Writing b) The long
Page 153 and 154: 3.8 Nationality Language 1. Most na
Page 155 and 156: 3.9 Nouns and Adjectives cross-refe
Page 157 and 158: 146 Accuracy in Writing b) 365.25 d
Page 159 and 160: 148 Accuracy in Writing NEGATIVES N
Page 161 and 162: 3.11 Nouns - Umbrella cross-referen
Page 163 and 164: 3.12 Prefixes and Suffixes 1. Autom
Page 165 and 166: 154 Accuracy in Writing 7. Meaning
Page 167 and 168: 156 Accuracy in Writing g) . . . mo
Page 169 and 170: 3.14 Punctuation 1. Capitals It is
Page 171 and 172: 160 Accuracy in Writing c) how many
Page 173 and 174: 162 Accuracy in Writing 4. Decide i
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3.16 Singular or Plural? cross-refe
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3.17 Time Words and Phrases cross-r
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168 Accuracy in Writing 6. Study th
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170 Accuracy in Writing to overcome
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3.19 Verbs - Modal cross-reference
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174 Accuracy in Writing The poorest
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176 Accuracy in Writing g) They cal
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3.21 Verbs and Prepositions cross-r
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3.22 Verbs of Reference cross-refer
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3.23 Verbs - Tenses 1. Decide which
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184 Accuracy in Writing cross-refer
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4.1 Formal Letters cross-reference
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4.2 CVs 1. CV stands for curriculum
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4.3 Reporting and Designing Surveys
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4.3 Reporting and Designing Surveys
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4.4 Taking Ideas from Sources 195 c
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4.5 Comparison Essay cross-referenc
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4.6 Discussion Essay cross-referenc
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Writing Tests These tests can be us
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Writing Tests 203 are only two d) .
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Answers 205 1.2 Avoiding Plagiarism
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Answers 207 4a 4b 4c 4d 4e 4f 5a 5b
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Answers 209 5 Source: Nemecova, I.
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Answers 211 7 Model answer Indian s
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Answers 213 • University educatio
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Answers 215 3 1. Literature review
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Answers 217 Limitations: Although t
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Answers 219 4c 4d 4e 4f consequentl
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Answers 221 9d 9e 9f 9g On than the
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Answers 223 2.7 Examples 2a e.g./su
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Answers 225 5b The numbers doubled
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Answers 227 6 Currently, fast food
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Answers 229 5 Developing countries
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Answers 231 2i correlation 2j analy
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Answers 233 5t the 5u the 5v the 5w
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Answers 235 Addition: moreover/as w
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Answers 237 strength/confidence/tru
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Answers 239 6e little 3.11 Nouns -
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Answers 241 Adj .+ = valuable for P
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Answers 243 1b who 1c which/that 1d
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Answers 245 4e 4f 4g 5a 5b 5c 5d 5e
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Answers 247 3h predict 3.19 Verbs -
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Answers 249 2d 2e 2f 2g 2h 4a 4b 4c
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Answers 251 4e 4f 4g 4h 6a 6b 6c 6d
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Answers 253 3 Model answer The Mana
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Answers 255 d There may be many peo
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Answers 257 4) we have no way of kn
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Sources Quotations from the followi
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