Bailey.Academic_Writing

Recommendations

Info

1.4 Evaluating Texts Having understood the title and made an outline, the next step is probably to read around the subject. Although a reading list may be given, it is still vital to be able to assess the usefulness of journal articles and books. Time spent learning these skills will be repaid by avoiding the use of unreliable or irrelevant materials. 1. When reading a text, it is important to ask yourself questions about the value of the text. Is this text fact or opinion? If fact, is it true? If opinion, do I agree? Can this writer be trusted? These questions can be seen as a process: Start here Fact Fact or opinion? Opinion True or false? False ? Disagree Agree or disagree? True Trustworthy and useful Agree 2. Read the following sentences and decide first if they are fact or opinion. Then decide if you agree with the opinions, and if the factual sentences are true. Opinion or fact? Agree or disagree? True or false? Example: The USA has the biggest economy in the world Fact True a) Shakespeare was a great writer b) Shakespeare wrote textbooks c) Smoking can be dangerous d) Too many people smoke in Britain e) 95% of criminals cannot read f) Poor education causes half of all crime
14 The <strong>Writing</strong> Process: Reading and Note-making 3. It can be seen that even short sentences, such as (2f) above, can contain a mixture of fact and opinion. Most longer texts, of course, consist of both. Read the following text about crime in Britain and underline facts (_______) and opinions (. . . . . . . . . . . .). a) Britain has one of the highest crime rates in the world. b) A robbery takes place every five seconds. Clearly, criminals are not afraid of the police. c) Even if they are caught, few criminals ever appear in court. d) Most of those who are found guilty are let off with a small fine. e) To reduce crime, we need more police and tougher punishments. 4. The text can be evaluated as follows: a) Fact, but only partly true. Britain does not have one of the highest overall crime rates in the world. For some crimes, e.g. car crime, the rate is high, but other countries, e.g. South Africa, have much higher rates of violent crime. b) This may or may not be true, but it does not follow that criminals are unafraid of the police. c) Fact, but not true. A significant number of those arrested are charged and later prosecuted. d) This fact is distorted. A fine is not ‘letting off’. What is meant by ‘small’? e) This is opinion. More police would probably help reduce crime, but it is not clear if more severe punishments would have that result. From this it can be seen that, even if the facts are correct, the opinions that are expressed may not be reliable. The evaluation above would suggest that the writer of the original text could not be trusted, and it would be better to look for another source.
Page 2: Academic Writing A Handbook for Int
Page 5 and 6: First edition published in 2003 by
Page 7 and 8: vi Contents Part 3: ACCURACY IN WRI
Page 9 and 10: viii Introduction Although every ef
Page 12: 1. The Writing Process Student Intr
Page 15 and 16: 4 The Writing Process: Writing Foun
Page 21 and 22: 10 The Writing Process: Writing Fou
Page 23: 12 The Writing Process: Writing Fou
Page 27 and 28: 16 The Writing Process: Reading and
Page 43 and 44: 1.9 Summary Writing Making summarie
Page 47 and 48: 1.10 Combining Sources Most essays
Page 51 and 52: 40 The Writing Process: Writing Sta
Page 59 and 60: 1.13 Organising the Main Body This
Page 63 and 64: 1.14 Introductions An introduction
Page 67 and 68: 1.15 Conclusions There is usually a
Page 71 and 72: 1.16 Rewriting and Proof-reading Wh
Page 75 and 76:
64 The Writing Process: Writing Sta
Page 78 and 79:
2.1 Argument cross-reference 1.12 O
Page 80 and 81:
2.1 Argument 69 5. Think of a simil
Page 82 and 83:
2.2 Cause and Effect 71 It rained h
Page 84 and 85:
2.3 Cohesion cross-reference 3.7 Co
Page 86 and 87:
2.4 Comparison cross-reference 2.9
Page 88 and 89:
2.4 Comparison 77 cross-reference 4
Page 90 and 91:
2.5 Definitions cross-reference 1.1
Page 92 and 93:
2.5 Definitions 81 Higher education
Page 94 and 95:
2.6 Discussion 83 a) Instead of goi
Page 96 and 97:
2.6 Discussion 85 7. Complete the f
Page 98 and 99:
2.7 Examples 87 a) A number of spor
Page 100 and 101:
2.8 Generalisations 1. In written w
Page 102 and 103:
2.8 Generalisations 91 5. Study the
Page 104 and 105:
2.9 Numbers 93 Dozens of villages w
Page 106 and 107:
2.9 Numbers 95 c) More than 80% of
Page 108 and 109:
2.10 Opening Pargaraphs 97 3. It is
Page 110 and 111:
2.11 References and Quotations cros
Page 112 and 113:
2.11 References and Quotations 101
Page 114 and 115:
2.12 Restatement and Repetition 1.
Page 116 and 117:
2.13 Style 1. Study the style of th
Page 118 and 119:
2.13 Style 107 l) Avoid using two-w
Page 120 and 121:
2.14 Synonyms cross-reference 1.8 P
Page 122 and 123:
2.14 Synonyms 111 5. Identify the s
Page 124 and 125:
2.15 Variation in Sentence Length 1
Page 126 and 127:
2.16 Visual Information 115 2. The
Page 128 and 129:
2.16 Visual Information 117 5. Comp
Page 130:
3. Accuracy in Writing Student Intr
Page 133 and 134:
122 Accuracy in Writing cross-refer
Page 135 and 136:
3.2 Academic Vocabulary cross-refer
Page 137 and 138:
126 Accuracy in Writing 5. Complete
Page 139 and 140:
128 Accuracy in Writing 4. Insert a
Page 141 and 142:
3.4 Articles cross-reference 3.10 N
Page 143 and 144:
132 Accuracy in Writing 5. Complete
Page 145 and 146:
134 Accuracy in Writing 3. Rewrite
Page 147 and 148:
3.6 Confusing Pairs 1. Study the fo
Page 149 and 150:
3.7 Conjunctions cross-reference 1.
Page 151 and 152:
140 Accuracy in Writing b) The long
Page 153 and 154:
3.8 Nationality Language 1. Most na
Page 155 and 156:
3.9 Nouns and Adjectives cross-refe
Page 157 and 158:
146 Accuracy in Writing b) 365.25 d
Page 159 and 160:
148 Accuracy in Writing NEGATIVES N
Page 161 and 162:
3.11 Nouns - Umbrella cross-referen
Page 163 and 164:
3.12 Prefixes and Suffixes 1. Autom
Page 165 and 166:
154 Accuracy in Writing 7. Meaning
Page 167 and 168:
156 Accuracy in Writing g) . . . mo
Page 169 and 170:
3.14 Punctuation 1. Capitals It is
Page 171 and 172:
160 Accuracy in Writing c) how many
Page 173 and 174:
162 Accuracy in Writing 4. Decide i
Page 175 and 176:
3.16 Singular or Plural? cross-refe
Page 177 and 178:
3.17 Time Words and Phrases cross-r
Page 179 and 180:
168 Accuracy in Writing 6. Study th
Page 181 and 182:
170 Accuracy in Writing to overcome
Page 183 and 184:
3.19 Verbs - Modal cross-reference
Page 185 and 186:
174 Accuracy in Writing The poorest
Page 187 and 188:
176 Accuracy in Writing g) They cal
Page 189 and 190:
3.21 Verbs and Prepositions cross-r
Page 191 and 192:
3.22 Verbs of Reference cross-refer
Page 193 and 194:
3.23 Verbs - Tenses 1. Decide which
Page 195 and 196:
184 Accuracy in Writing cross-refer
Page 198 and 199:
4.1 Formal Letters cross-reference
Page 200 and 201:
4.2 CVs 1. CV stands for curriculum
Page 202 and 203:
4.3 Reporting and Designing Surveys
Page 204 and 205:
4.3 Reporting and Designing Surveys
Page 206 and 207:
4.4 Taking Ideas from Sources 195 c
Page 208 and 209:
4.5 Comparison Essay cross-referenc
Page 210 and 211:
4.6 Discussion Essay cross-referenc
Page 212 and 213:
Writing Tests These tests can be us
Page 214 and 215:
Writing Tests 203 are only two d) .
Page 216 and 217:
Answers 205 1.2 Avoiding Plagiarism
Page 218 and 219:
Answers 207 4a 4b 4c 4d 4e 4f 5a 5b
Page 220 and 221:
Answers 209 5 Source: Nemecova, I.
Page 222 and 223:
Answers 211 7 Model answer Indian s
Page 224 and 225:
Answers 213 • University educatio
Page 226 and 227:
Answers 215 3 1. Literature review
Page 228 and 229:
Answers 217 Limitations: Although t
Page 230 and 231:
Answers 219 4c 4d 4e 4f consequentl
Page 232 and 233:
Answers 221 9d 9e 9f 9g On than the
Page 234 and 235:
Answers 223 2.7 Examples 2a e.g./su
Page 236 and 237:
Answers 225 5b The numbers doubled
Page 238 and 239:
Answers 227 6 Currently, fast food
Page 240 and 241:
Answers 229 5 Developing countries
Page 242 and 243:
Answers 231 2i correlation 2j analy
Page 244 and 245:
Answers 233 5t the 5u the 5v the 5w
Page 246 and 247:
Answers 235 Addition: moreover/as w
Page 248 and 249:
Answers 237 strength/confidence/tru
Page 250 and 251:
Answers 239 6e little 3.11 Nouns -
Page 252 and 253:
Answers 241 Adj .+ = valuable for P
Page 254 and 255:
Answers 243 1b who 1c which/that 1d
Page 256 and 257:
Answers 245 4e 4f 4g 5a 5b 5c 5d 5e
Page 258 and 259:
Answers 247 3h predict 3.19 Verbs -
Page 260 and 261:
Answers 249 2d 2e 2f 2g 2h 4a 4b 4c
Page 262 and 263:
Answers 251 4e 4f 4g 4h 6a 6b 6c 6d
Page 264 and 265:
Answers 253 3 Model answer The Mana
Page 266 and 267:
Answers 255 d There may be many peo
Page 268 and 269:
Answers 257 4) we have no way of kn
Page 270 and 271:
Sources Quotations from the followi
Page 272:
eBooks - at www.eBookstore.tandf.co
show all

Bailey.Academic_Writing

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?