Introduction to Maya Hieroglyphs - Wayeb

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Kettunen & Helmke 2011 Structure and Content of Texts u tz’i-ba-li na ja utz’i[h]baalnaja[l] u-tz’ihb-aal-n-aj-al-Ø 3SE-write/paint-ABSTR-PAS-THM-NOM-3SA “the drawing/decoration of” The other principal statement is the root ux for “carving” or “scraping.” The various manifestations of the word ux range from yux via yuxulil to yuxulnajal. These terms, when written in full, also contain an abstractivizing suffix which allows derivation from the verb “carve” into something akin to “carving” although the semantic domain would allow for something broader. In a few rare cases the collocation ends with a final suffix marking the carving as the inalienable possession of the patient to which it is connected by the initial third person singular ergative pronominal affix (functioning as a possessor) “his/her” inextricably connecting these surface treatment expressions to the vessels that bear them. yu-lu xu-li yu xu [lu] na [ja] la yuxul[i]l y-ux-ul-il-Ø 3SE-carve-ABSTR-POS-3SA “carving of” yuxulnajal y-ux-ul-n-aj-al-Ø 3SE-carve-ABSTR-PAS-THM-NOM-3SA “carving of” Vessel Type The vessel type collocations typically occur following reference made to the surface treatment and before mention of the contents. The total number of distinct vessel types discovered thus far amounts to over 20. The majority of these terms occur only rarely in the inscriptions and a few of these terms may simply be variables of a type. For the latter examples, these may eventually be conflated into the same category if it can be demonstrated statistically as well as linguistically that these are just variants of other well-established terms. Vast majority of vessel types that are represented in the glyphic texts are dominated by drinking vessels. These represent the most specialized types of vessels used by the ancient Maya. Based on contextual and iconographic evidence as well as the titles of the patrons or owners of these vessels it is clear that these vessels were used by the high elite during the course of festive events (Reents-Budet 1994: 72-75). Such vessels represent the highest investment of time and labour, yet their diminutive size, the restriction of their usage to festive occasions and the private sectors of the lord’s residence indicate that few people would have been able to see these vessels. The names of master artisans that signed the vessels they produced, as well as the names of sculptors, reveal that most of these boast exalted titles of the elite, with several bearing even royal titles. Thus as a means of controlling not only the use of such vessels, but their production, the knowledge was maintained within the household of the highest elite. 32/154
Kettunen & Helmke 2011 Structure and Content of Texts yu-k’i-byuk’ib / yuk’ibi[i]l / yu-k’i-bi-la y-uk’-ib / y-uk’-ib-iil 3SE-drink-INST-REL “his/her drinking cup” yu-UK’-byuk’[i]b / yuk’[ib] / yu-UK’ y-uk’-ib 3SE-drink-(INST) “his/her drinking cup” u-ja-yi / u-ja-ya ujaay / ujay u-jaay / u-jay 3SE-bowl “his/her bowl” u-la-ka / u-LAK ulak u-lak 3SE-plate “his/her plate” u-ja-wa-TE’ / u-ja-TE’ / uja[wan]te’ u-jaw-an-te’/u-jaw-wan-te’ 3SE-face.up-EXIST/ POS-? ujawa[n]te’ “his/her plate (with legs)” u-WE’-bi / WE’-ma uwe’[i]b / we’[e]m u-we’-ib / we’-em 3SE-eat/food-INS “his/her plate for eating/food” u-po-ko-lo-che-e-bu / chu-ba-la-che-bu upokol che[’]ebu[l] / chubal che[’]ebu[l] u-pok-ol che’eb-ul /chub-al che’eb-ul 3SE-wash-THM pincel-THM-3SA “his/her quill/brush rinser?” ya-k’u-tu-ya[h]k’utu’/ya[h]k’utu’ y-ahk’-tu’/y-ahk’u-tu’ 3SE-give-INST? “his/her gift” yu-byuub / yu[i]b y-uub/y-u-ib 3SE-?/3SE-?-INS “his/her ?” Table I: Common Classic Maya vessel type glyphs (drawings by Christophe Helmke) 33/154
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