Introduction to Maya Hieroglyphs - Wayeb

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Kettunen & Helmke 2011 Appendices Figure 26: Map of the Maya area showing principal archaeological sites 46/154
Kettunen & Helmke 2011 Appendices APPENDIX E: NOTE ON THE CALENDAR The Maya calendrical system is a rather complex arrangement with a number of overlapping systems. Usually the dates recorded in the inscriptions cover major parts of the texts. Fundamentally, the Maya calendrical system is twofold: it records linear time from a (mythological) zero point (13th of August 3114 BC) onwards (Long Count), and cyclical time with (basically) two calendrical cycles (the Calendar Round, comprised of the Tzolk’in [260 days] and the Haab [365 days]). MATHEMATICS 48 The Classic Maya mathematical system is a vigesimal (base twenty) positional system that was employed throughout Mesoamerica during the Precolumbian times (instead of the common Western decimal [base ten] system). In practice this means that the position shift is made at twenty rather than ten: Vigesimal system: Decimal system: Position: Value: Numbers: Position: Value: Numbers: 20 0 1 0 – 19 10 0 1 0 – 9 20 1 20 20 – 399 10 1 10 10 – 99 20 2 400 400 – 7 999 10 2 100 100 – 999 20 3 8 000 8 000 – 159 999 10 3 1 000 1 000 – 9 999 20 4 160 000 160 000 – 3 199 999 10 4 10 000 10 000 – 99 999 20 5 3 200 000 3 200 000 – 63 999 999 10 5 100 000 100 000 – 999 999 etc. etc. etc. etc. etc. etc. Table V: Vigesimal vs. decimal system In Maya calendrical calculations, however, the Haab coefficient breaks the harmonic vigesimal rule being a multiplication of 18 times 20 rather than 20 times 20. With this exception to the rule the Maya were approximating the closest possible number of days to the solar year (as well being a figure divisible by 20), thereby reaching a compromise of 360 days 49 . Vigesimal system applied for calendrical calculations 50 : Formula: Value (days): Numbers (days): 1 or 20 0 1 0 – 19 20 or 20 1 20 20 – 359 18 X 20 or 18 X 20 1 360 360 – 7 199 20 X 18 X 20 or 18 X 20 2 7 200 7 200 – 143 999 20 X 20 X 18 X 20 or 18 X 20 3 144 000 144 000 – 2 879 999 20 X 20 X 20 X 18 X 20 or 18 X 20 4 2 880 000 2 880 000 – 57 599 999 etc. etc. etc. etc. Table VI: Applied vigesimal system for calendrical calculations 48 Examples of mathematical calculations will be provided during the workshop. 49 The Haab coefficient (360 days) in the Long Count calendar is not to be confused with the Haab calendar (365 days) in the Calendar Round (see below). 50 It should be noted here that the coefficient examples in this table run beyond the standard number of coefficients found in most Long Count dates (the first five are/were sufficient to record historical time). 47/154
Page 1: Introduction to Maya Hieroglyphs XV
Page 4 and 5: Kettunen & Helmke 2011 Maya Hierogl
Page 6: Kettunen & Helmke 2011 Maya Hierogl
Page 9 and 10: Kettunen & Helmke 2011 Introduction
Page 17 and 18: Kettunen & Helmke 2011 The Writing
Page 26 and 27: Kettunen & Helmke 2011 Grammar III
Page 28 and 29: Kettunen & Helmke 2011 Grammar 14.
Page 30: Kettunen & Helmke 2011 Grammar tran
Page 33 and 34: Kettunen & Helmke 2011 Structure an
Page 43 and 44: Kettunen & Helmke 2011 Appendices F
Page 45 and 46: Kettunen & Helmke 2011 Appendices F
Page 47: Kettunen & Helmke 2011 Appendices A
Page 51 and 52: Kettunen & Helmke 2011 Appendices T
Page 53 and 54: Kettunen & Helmke 2011 Appendices P
Page 55 and 56: Kettunen & Helmke 2011 Appendices 3
Page 57 and 58: Kettunen & Helmke 2011 Appendices P
Page 59 and 60: Kettunen & Helmke 2011 Appendices N
Page 61 and 62: Kettunen & Helmke 2011 Appendices N
Page 63 and 64: Kettunen & Helmke 2011 Appendices A
Page 67 and 68: Kettunen & Helmke 2011 Appendices p
Page 69 and 70: Kettunen & Helmke 2011 Appendices T
Page 71 and 72: Kettunen & Helmke 2011 Appendices I
Page 73 and 74: Kettunen & Helmke 2011 Appendices B
Page 77 and 78: Kettunen & Helmke 2011 Appendices j
Page 79 and 80: Kettunen & Helmke 2011 Appendices t
Page 81 and 82: Kettunen & Helmke 2011 Concise Glyp
Page 97 and 98: Kettunen & Helmke 2011 Thematic Dic
Page 99 and 100:
Kettunen & Helmke 2011 Thematic Dic
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
Kettunen & Helmke 2011 Glossary of
Page 135 and 136:
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
Page 143 and 144:
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
Kettunen & Helmke 2011 Abbreviation
Page 149 and 150:
Kettunen & Helmke 2011 Sources and
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
show all

Introduction to Maya Hieroglyphs - Wayeb

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?