Watershed Conservation Plan - Destination Erie

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Figure 6.3. Spawning atlas records of fish spawning activity in the study area, showing streams reporting spawning activity. been changed by invasive zebra mussels and round gobies since 1982 (Roger Kenyon, personal communication December 2, 2006), and a reassessment of lake fishes' spawning grounds is needed. Considering the high likelihood of future changes in cold water fisheries and nearshore conditions associated with in-progress climate change in the Lake Erie basin (see discussion in other sections of this chapter), the suggested reassessment of spawning grounds should perhaps be coupled with the comprehensive anticipatory planning efforts to adapt resource management to climate change. Fisheries managers classify fish into three different categories based upon species' temperature preferences. Cold water fishes (CWF) such as trout require the highest quality waters for their favored habitats, while warm water fishes (WWF) such as largemouth bass and bluegill can tolerate lower water quality conditions. Figure 6.4 indicates the water quality designations of the study area's streams (see Chapter 5). Currently, most of the smaller streams are designated as capable of supporting cold water fishes, except for the main stem reaches of the largest streams and some degraded smaller streams, which are designated as habitat for warm water fishes. Recently published reports on the status of the fisheries of the Pennsylvania portion of Lake Erie (Lake Erie Research Unit 2006) and its tributaries (Murray and Shields 2004) provide an in-depth view of the economic importance of the study area's streams for fishing-related industry and tourism. Commercial harvests of walleye, yellow perch, drum, burbot, white perch, white bass, and lake whitefish have been much lower over the past 5–6 years (below annual allowable quotas) than the time period between 1990–1995. The decline in commercial catch is attributed to 1996 changes in regulations for commercial fishing (allowable fishing gear restricted to trap nets) and the fact that there is only one licensed commercial fisherman currently operating in Pennsylvania's Lake Erie waters (Lake Erie Research Unit 2006). Lake Erie supports a healthy sport fishery, and the most recent data collected by the Pennsylvania Fish & Boat Commission indicates that the top four fish species taken from the lake by anglers are yellow perch, walleye, steelhead trout, and smallmouth bass. Fifteen other species are also routinely caught by sport fishermen (Lake Erie Research Unit 2006). Most of the steelhead fishing takes place in the lake's tributaries (Murray and Shields 2004), and this cold water fishery is supported "exclusively" by a tributary stocking program, summarized in a report by the Lake Erie Research Unit (2006). 108
Figure 6.4. Water quality designations of the study area's streams. Figure 6.5 indicates stream reaches in northwestern Pennsylvania most recently documented by the Pennsylvania Fish & Boat Commission for trout stocking (2008) and natural trout reproduction (2007). Several types of trout have been stocked in our streams in recent years, but steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is the dominant species introduced. In 2005, over 1 million steelhead originating from local and regional state fish hatcheries were released into 11 different streams of the Lake Erie watershed (Lake Erie Research Unit 2006). An additional 126,300 steelhead raised in local nurseries operated by a private organization (3-C-U Cooperative) were also stocked into streams in the western half of the watershed. Approximately 28,000 brown trout and nearly 17,000 brook trout were also stocked into our Lake Erie streams by state and cooperative nurseries (Lake Erie Research Unit 2006). The four streams receiving the most smolts (yearling trout) in 2005 were Elk Creek, Walnut Creek, Twentymile Creek, and Trout Run. The amount of time (and, hence, local tourism dollars) spent in fishing the "trout streams" of the Pennsylvania Lake Erie watershed has increased over the past two decades (Figure 6.6), with the 109
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Pennsylvania Rivers Conservation Pr
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land to development. Strong communi
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Human resources available to facili
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other communities, organizations, a
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TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures .
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8.3 Sustainable Development and Gov
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Figure 5.14. Average summer phospho
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Figure 10.3. Management Areas propo
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS AND PLAN AUTHORSHIP
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working with interested teacher and
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Figure 1.3. Perceived importance of
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1.3 Watershed Plan Focus The primar
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Figure 2.2. Detail of the south-cen
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Figure 2.4. Physiographic provinces
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westward. Although the paucity of f
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via the Erigan River, a major river
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Warren and Whittlesey can be found
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evised paleoenvironmental picture,
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characteristic ground stone tools,
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phase represent the most common Lat
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including flexed and extended inhum
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with the appearance of European tra
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The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania wa
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of $800 for the purchase of The Tri
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In addition to these townships, the
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Pittsburgh Railroad had reached New
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Figure 3.3. Density of registered a
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the Whittlesey and Warren III stran
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Table 3.3. Properties in the Study
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Table 3.3—continued Name Address
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Table 3.3—continued Name Address
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"Little Ice Age"), and the validity
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"massasaugies" (Eastern Massasauga
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eport (Col. John Fleeharty) lamente
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flowing streams. The starting point
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elow the park." Apparently the pump
Page 77 and 78: A submerged arching sand feature is
Page 79 and 80: of the lake plain and upland areas
Page 81 and 82: characteristics, and are important
Page 83 and 84: Lake section (see Figure 2.4). Nota
Page 85 and 86: Figure 5.2. Flow time series for Tw
Page 87 and 88: Figure 5.4. Flow time series for Co
Page 89 and 90: Figure 5.8. Flow per square mile pe
Page 91 and 92: area that have thicker glacial depo
Page 93 and 94: Table 5.4. Protected Water Uses for
Page 95 and 96: Stream Zone County 3—East Branch
Page 97 and 98: 5.10.2 Permitted Discharges The two
Page 99 and 100: Figure 5.14. Average summer phospho
Page 101 and 102: Figure 5.15. Graphical analyses of
Page 103 and 104: Figure 5.17. Average summer nitrate
Page 105 and 106: Figure 5.19. Mercury concentrations
Page 107 and 108: Figure 5.20. Map showing locations
Page 109 and 110: Figure 5.22. Number of stream miles
Page 111 and 112: 91 Figure 5.24. Results of Campbell
Page 113 and 114: Table 5.6. Range in Number of E. co
Page 115 and 116: Figure 5.26. Maximum E. coli counts
Page 117 and 118: The recent investigation completed
Page 119 and 120: Figure 5.30. Sources of known nondo
Page 121 and 122: 6 NATURAL RESOURCES 6.1 Animal Life
Page 123 and 124: Rank Status Taxon Common Name Globa
Page 125 and 126: Table 6.2. Pennsylvania Vertebrate
Page 127: Table 6.3. Noted Occurrence of Spaw
Page 131 and 132: Figure 6.6. Fishing hours spent on
Page 133 and 134: Figure 6.7. Comparative analysis of
Page 135 and 136: Figure 6.9. Percentage breakdown of
Page 137 and 138: A small number of the birds listed
Page 139 and 140: phytoplankton by Dreissena allows l
Page 141 and 142: populations increase. Corbicula flu
Page 143 and 144: Rank Status Taxon Common name Globa
Page 145 and 146: Rank Status Taxon Common name Globa
Page 147 and 148: Two other forest wetland plant comm
Page 149 and 150: 6.2.4 Emergent Wetlands Over half o
Page 151 and 152: alleghaniensis), sugar maple, red m
Page 153 and 154: Table 6.6.Percentage Composition of
Page 155 and 156: Figure 6.18. Detail of the largest
Page 157 and 158: Figure 7.1. Responses made by study
Page 159 and 160: Figure 7.3. Spatial distribution of
Page 161 and 162: Presque Isle State Park is connecte
Page 163 and 164: Table 7.2. Number of Recreational O
Page 165 and 166: lakefront recreational properties,
Page 167 and 168: Map Id Subwatershed Comment 51 41.5
Page 169 and 170: Bayfront Center for Maritime Studie
Page 171 and 172: Other watershed associations or wat
Page 173 and 174: Figure 8.1. Child poverty rates in
Page 175 and 176: comprehensive vision or plan, have
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5. In order to sustain maximum biod
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10 PRIORITIES AND STRATEGIES FOR AC
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easements for riparian areas, and p
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Table 10.2 Management Areas Defined
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Figure 10.2. Example of how GIS can
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Figure 10.4. Example of how GIS can
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Watershed Portion MAs Main Subwater
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Restoration actions Management Area
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11 REFERENCES CITED Abrams, M. D. 2
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Broyles, B. J. 1971 Second Prelimin
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Cooper, N. L., J. R. Bidwell, and D
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Dzurko, Robert 1972 Conneaut Creek
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Goodyear, A. C. 1999 The Early Holo
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Jasim, S. Y., A. Irabelli, L. Schwe
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Leighton, R. 2006 Pennsylvania Fish
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Michaels, A. 2005 Pennsylvania Has
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2007d Waterways, Wetlands, and Eros
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Richardson, J. B., and J. B. Peters
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Soon, W. and S. Baliunas 2003 Proxy
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Tomikel and Shepps 1967 Trasande, L
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Whitley, D. S., and R. I. Dorn 1993
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Preparing For Watershed Conservatio
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Introduction (cont’d) In March of
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Executive Summary Overall, responde
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Executive Summary (cont’d) Cont
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Summary Of Key Groups (cont’d) Ur
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Please Indicate Whether You Agree,
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In Your Opinion, Is The Need For Im
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If You Had To Choose Between Proper
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Favorite Locations For Recreation I
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Favorite Motor Boating Locations To
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Favorite Hiking Locations Location
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Favorite Swimming Locations Total R
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Knowledge Of Historic And Prehistor
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Support For Stream Protection Measu
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LERC Rivers Conservation Plan Publi
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• Mason: As far as education, get
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• Kloss: Educate people about Act
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Great Lakes Commission http://www.g
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Center for Economic and Environment
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The Erie County portion of the Penn
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Feature Parameters Parameter Variab
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Feature Parameters Parameter Variab
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Watershed Conservation Plan - Destination Erie

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