Watershed Conservation Plan - Destination Erie

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Historical Features Stream Waterfalls and/or Scenic Gorges Wetland Systems and Wildlife Habitat Forests w/ Stands of Old/Large Trees Mills and/or Canal Other Notable Godfrey Run Below Rt. 5 headwaters on ridge S. of Rt. 20 — Canal remnants S. of Middle Road Trout nurseries and springs along Middle Rd. Elk Creek Rt. 20 to mouth, I-90 bridge Rt. 98 crossing area, Fairview Township park area, Sterretania area, Little Elk Creek–Devil's Backbone, Howard Falls area Rt. 20 to mouth, Brandy Run headwaters near Rt. 98, Fairview Township park area Rt. 20 to mouth, Devil's backbone area old Girard factory center S. of Rt. 20, Battles Farm area (canal aqueduct site), canal remnants south of Rt. 20, Hall's Run canal segment Miles Grove, Girard; Canal "station house" along Hall's Run; Gudgeonville Bridge; Village of Sterretania; Dunn Valley homesteads Duck Run north of Rt. 5 in Erie Bluffs State Park headwaters S. of Rt. 5 Erie Bluffs State Park — — Crooked Creek north of Rt. 5 headwaters S. of I-90 canal lock remnants Lexington Rd. area Holliday family properties (original settlers) Raccoon Creek Old Lake Road area — — — — Conneaut Creek section east of Ohio line East Branch tributary valleys throughout path of main channel Marsh Run/Ashtabula Creek headwaters section east of Ohio line canal features in Platea (Lockport) area, Albion area, along Rt. 18 south of Albion, Springboro area, Conneautville area Villages of Platea, Cranesville, Springboro, and Conneautville; town of Albion The historical importance and general physical characteristics of streams within the study area have been summarized in earlier sections of this document, and a comparative review regarding their water quality is provided below (see 5.10 Stream water Quality). Fisheries resources of the tributaries will also be addressed later (see 6.1.2 Fish and Fisheries), as well as detailed descriptions of the forest and wetland vegetation (see 6.2 Aquatic Plant Life and 6.3 Upland plant Communities). It should be noted that the State of Ohio recently designated Conneaut Creek as a State Wild and Scenic River, in recognition of its important biological and scenic attributes. There is little or no public access to Conneaut Creek in Pennsylvania at sites with potentially significant recreational or scenic viewing opportunities. The deep, meandering character and forested riparian zone of many sections of the main channel of Conneaut Creek between the Crawford County line and Pennsylvania -Ohio border indicate potential opportunities for recreational canoeing on this stream. 5.6 Floodplains Floodplains are nearly level floors of valleys next to stream channels which become inundated during flood events (Baker 2000). The term "riparian zone" is sometimes used synonymously with floodplain, in specific reference to forested "buffer areas," and this physical feature often contains wetlands (see 5.7 Wetlands and 6.2 Aquatic Plant Life). When flood waters exceed the confines of a stream channel, floodplains provide a place for the water to spread out, which reduces the speed and erosive force of the moving water, and allows smaller-sized sediment particles (silt) carried by the water to settle out. Since the smaller particles of sediment often are associated with nutrients (i.e., nitrogen and phosphorus compounds) and detritus, floodplains typically contain rich soils that support abundant plant life. Formation of debris jams and periodic shifting of floodplain and channel deposits by high energy flows can result in stream channels changing their position within active floodplains, isolating and partially filling former channels with sediment and debris. Abandoned channels may develop wetland or pond-like 60
characteristics, and are important habitats for aquatic animals and wildlife (see 6.1 Animal Life). Topographic variability and elevation gradients relative to the local water table within the floodplain interact with periodic flood disturbance to promote the development of highly diverse plant communities (Campbell 1998). Thus, floodplains are highly dynamic features that contribute much to maintaining a high level of biological diversity in our watershed. In addition to supporting biological resources, floodplains are also important hydrologically, due to their location near the interface between streams and the local water table. They have an important role in groundwater recharge, and act as filters for runoff entering streams via overland flow. The vegetation on the floodplain helps absorb the energy of flowing water, traps sediment and floating debris, and helps reduce erosion of stream banks and the valley floor. In these respects, floodplains serve an important role in the protection of water quality (SRBC 2001). The study area
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Pennsylvania Rivers Conservation Pr
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land to development. Strong communi
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Human resources available to facili
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other communities, organizations, a
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TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures .
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8.3 Sustainable Development and Gov
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Figure 5.14. Average summer phospho
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Figure 10.3. Management Areas propo
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS AND PLAN AUTHORSHIP
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working with interested teacher and
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Figure 1.3. Perceived importance of
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1.3 Watershed Plan Focus The primar
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Figure 2.2. Detail of the south-cen
Page 30 and 31: Figure 2.4. Physiographic provinces
Page 32 and 33: westward. Although the paucity of f
Page 34 and 35: via the Erigan River, a major river
Page 36 and 37: Warren and Whittlesey can be found
Page 38 and 39: evised paleoenvironmental picture,
Page 40 and 41: characteristic ground stone tools,
Page 42 and 43: phase represent the most common Lat
Page 44 and 45: including flexed and extended inhum
Page 46 and 47: with the appearance of European tra
Page 48 and 49: The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania wa
Page 50 and 51: of $800 for the purchase of The Tri
Page 52 and 53: In addition to these townships, the
Page 54 and 55: Pittsburgh Railroad had reached New
Page 56 and 57: Figure 3.3. Density of registered a
Page 58: the Whittlesey and Warren III stran
Page 61 and 62: Table 3.3. Properties in the Study
Page 63 and 64: Table 3.3—continued Name Address
Page 65 and 66: Table 3.3—continued Name Address
Page 67 and 68: "Little Ice Age"), and the validity
Page 69 and 70: "massasaugies" (Eastern Massasauga
Page 71 and 72: eport (Col. John Fleeharty) lamente
Page 73 and 74: flowing streams. The starting point
Page 75 and 76: elow the park." Apparently the pump
Page 77 and 78: A submerged arching sand feature is
Page 79: of the lake plain and upland areas
Page 83 and 84: Lake section (see Figure 2.4). Nota
Page 85 and 86: Figure 5.2. Flow time series for Tw
Page 87 and 88: Figure 5.4. Flow time series for Co
Page 89 and 90: Figure 5.8. Flow per square mile pe
Page 91 and 92: area that have thicker glacial depo
Page 93 and 94: Table 5.4. Protected Water Uses for
Page 95 and 96: Stream Zone County 3—East Branch
Page 97 and 98: 5.10.2 Permitted Discharges The two
Page 99 and 100: Figure 5.14. Average summer phospho
Page 101 and 102: Figure 5.15. Graphical analyses of
Page 103 and 104: Figure 5.17. Average summer nitrate
Page 105 and 106: Figure 5.19. Mercury concentrations
Page 107 and 108: Figure 5.20. Map showing locations
Page 109 and 110: Figure 5.22. Number of stream miles
Page 111 and 112: 91 Figure 5.24. Results of Campbell
Page 113 and 114: Table 5.6. Range in Number of E. co
Page 115 and 116: Figure 5.26. Maximum E. coli counts
Page 117 and 118: The recent investigation completed
Page 119 and 120: Figure 5.30. Sources of known nondo
Page 121 and 122: 6 NATURAL RESOURCES 6.1 Animal Life
Page 123 and 124: Rank Status Taxon Common Name Globa
Page 125 and 126: Table 6.2. Pennsylvania Vertebrate
Page 127 and 128: Table 6.3. Noted Occurrence of Spaw
Page 129 and 130: Figure 6.4. Water quality designati
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Figure 6.6. Fishing hours spent on
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Figure 6.7. Comparative analysis of
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Figure 6.9. Percentage breakdown of
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A small number of the birds listed
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phytoplankton by Dreissena allows l
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populations increase. Corbicula flu
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Rank Status Taxon Common name Globa
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Rank Status Taxon Common name Globa
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Two other forest wetland plant comm
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6.2.4 Emergent Wetlands Over half o
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alleghaniensis), sugar maple, red m
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Table 6.6.Percentage Composition of
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Figure 6.18. Detail of the largest
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Figure 7.1. Responses made by study
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Figure 7.3. Spatial distribution of
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Presque Isle State Park is connecte
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Table 7.2. Number of Recreational O
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lakefront recreational properties,
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Map Id Subwatershed Comment 51 41.5
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Bayfront Center for Maritime Studie
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Other watershed associations or wat
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Figure 8.1. Child poverty rates in
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comprehensive vision or plan, have
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and municipalities should be encour
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5. In order to sustain maximum biod
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10 PRIORITIES AND STRATEGIES FOR AC
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easements for riparian areas, and p
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Table 10.2 Management Areas Defined
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Figure 10.2. Example of how GIS can
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Figure 10.4. Example of how GIS can
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Watershed Portion MAs Main Subwater
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Restoration actions Management Area
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11 REFERENCES CITED Abrams, M. D. 2
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Broyles, B. J. 1971 Second Prelimin
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Cooper, N. L., J. R. Bidwell, and D
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Dzurko, Robert 1972 Conneaut Creek
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Goodyear, A. C. 1999 The Early Holo
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Jasim, S. Y., A. Irabelli, L. Schwe
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Leighton, R. 2006 Pennsylvania Fish
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Michaels, A. 2005 Pennsylvania Has
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2007d Waterways, Wetlands, and Eros
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Richardson, J. B., and J. B. Peters
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Soon, W. and S. Baliunas 2003 Proxy
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Tomikel and Shepps 1967 Trasande, L
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Whitley, D. S., and R. I. Dorn 1993
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Preparing For Watershed Conservatio
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Introduction (cont’d) In March of
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Executive Summary Overall, responde
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Executive Summary (cont’d) Cont
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Summary Of Key Groups (cont’d) Ur
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Please Indicate Whether You Agree,
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In Your Opinion, Is The Need For Im
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If You Had To Choose Between Proper
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Favorite Locations For Recreation I
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Favorite Motor Boating Locations To
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Favorite Hiking Locations Location
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Favorite Swimming Locations Total R
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Knowledge Of Historic And Prehistor
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Support For Stream Protection Measu
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LERC Rivers Conservation Plan Publi
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• Mason: As far as education, get
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• Kloss: Educate people about Act
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Great Lakes Commission http://www.g
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Center for Economic and Environment
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The Erie County portion of the Penn
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Feature Parameters Parameter Variab
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Feature Parameters Parameter Variab
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