Watershed Conservation Plan - Destination Erie

More documents

Recommendations

Info

settlement (Prepas and Charette 2003). The primary excess nutrient which contributed to the eutrophication of Lake Erie was phosphorus (Prepas and Charette 2003; USEPA 2006b). It was the first of the Great Lakes to exhibit major algal blooms and depletion of oxygen (USEPA 2006b), which became most pronounced in the late 1960s and early 1970s (Prepas and Charette 2003). At this time, the phosphorus load of Lake Erie was estimated to be four times higher than the precolonization values (Prepas and Charette 2003). In the early 1970s, the central basin of Lake Erie was profoundly affected by eutrophication because it was deep enough to become thermally stratified during the summer months, but contained a relatively small volume of water in its bottom layer (hypolimnion), which became rapidly depleted of oxygen (Prepas and Charette 2003). The eastern basin also stratified in summer, but did not experience severe oxygen depletion due to the larger relative volume of its hypolimnion. The three basins of Lake Erie, from east to west, exhibited progressively greater levels of eutrophication; the shallow western basin was highly eutrophic, the central basin was considered meso- to eutrophic, and the eastern basin was judged to be mesotrophic (Prepas and Charette 2003). The eutrophication problem in Lake Erie was reversed in the late 1970s and 1980s, due to international efforts to reduce phosphorus loading from detergents and municipal sewage effluents (Prepas and Charette 2003). Summer algal blooms and oxygen-depletion problems were abated, and several fish species intolerant of water quality degradation recovered (Prepas and Charette 2003). Although Lake Erie recovered from eutrophication because of reduction of point-source pollution, the lake is still considered enriched with phosphorus (Prepas and Charette 2003). Most of the phosphorus entering Lake Erie currently originates from streams and rivers that drain agricultural land (Prepas and Charette 2003). Modern efforts to manage eutrophication in Lake Erie are focusing on phosphorus reduction from non-point sources (USEPA 2006a,b). There remain water quality concerns in Lake Erie regarding chemical contaminants such as PCBs, mercury, and pesticides. The United States and Canada began to work together in the 1970s to address contaminant issues in the Great Lakes under the terms of the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement (GLWQA), initially signed in 1972 and subsequently renewed and amended several times (USEPA 2006c). The GLWQA established the criteria by which the signing parties ultimately identified 43 Areas of Concern (AOCs) throughout the Great Lakes basin where sediment contamination and water quality problems were especially acute (USEPA 2006d), including 10 sites within the Lake Erie basin. USEPA (2006a) details the problems being addressed and progress being made in each of the Lake Erie AOCs. Invasive species are another major environmental concern in Lake Erie, due to its important role in international shipping (Prepas and Charette 2003). Extensive information about invasive species problems and management in the Great Lakes, including Lake Erie, is readily available on-line (GLIN 2006) and the subject will not be further addressed here. The best documented case study involves the zebra mussel invasion (Haltuch et al. 2000), which has been found to also affect contaminant cycling and bioavailability in Lake Erie (DePinto and Narayanan 1997). The impact of invasive species on natural resources within our streams and watershed will be evaluated in 6. Natural Resources. 5.2 The Pennsylvania Portion of Lake Erie and Presque Isle The Pennsylvania waters of Lake Erie straddle the boundary between the lake
A submerged arching sand feature is found along the Pennsylvania shore 10–20 km (6.2–12.4 mi) west of Presque Isle in water 8–9 m (26.2–29.5 ft) deep (NOAA/NESDIS 2006). The presence of this feature suggests the possibility that the Presque Isle Spit may have originated at a point much further to the west of its current position. The neck of the Presque Isle Spit and many of the lakeside beaches have been maintained artificially through the addition of retaining walls, groins, break walls, and sand hauled from other locations. A wealth of additional information about the ecology and management of Presque Isle State Park is available from the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (PADCNR) at the Tom Ridge Environmental Center, and the park
Page 1:
Pennsylvania Rivers Conservation Pr
Page 4 and 5:
land to development. Strong communi
Page 6 and 7:
Human resources available to facili
Page 8 and 9:
other communities, organizations, a
Page 11 and 12:
TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures .
Page 13 and 14:
8.3 Sustainable Development and Gov
Page 15 and 16:
Figure 5.14. Average summer phospho
Page 17 and 18:
Figure 10.3. Management Areas propo
Page 19:
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS AND PLAN AUTHORSHIP
Page 22 and 23:
working with interested teacher and
Page 24 and 25:
Figure 1.3. Perceived importance of
Page 26 and 27: 1.3 Watershed Plan Focus The primar
Page 28 and 29: Figure 2.2. Detail of the south-cen
Page 30 and 31: Figure 2.4. Physiographic provinces
Page 32 and 33: westward. Although the paucity of f
Page 34 and 35: via the Erigan River, a major river
Page 36 and 37: Warren and Whittlesey can be found
Page 38 and 39: evised paleoenvironmental picture,
Page 40 and 41: characteristic ground stone tools,
Page 42 and 43: phase represent the most common Lat
Page 44 and 45: including flexed and extended inhum
Page 46 and 47: with the appearance of European tra
Page 48 and 49: The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania wa
Page 50 and 51: of $800 for the purchase of The Tri
Page 52 and 53: In addition to these townships, the
Page 54 and 55: Pittsburgh Railroad had reached New
Page 56 and 57: Figure 3.3. Density of registered a
Page 58: the Whittlesey and Warren III stran
Page 61 and 62: Table 3.3. Properties in the Study
Page 63 and 64: Table 3.3—continued Name Address
Page 65 and 66: Table 3.3—continued Name Address
Page 67 and 68: "Little Ice Age"), and the validity
Page 69 and 70: "massasaugies" (Eastern Massasauga
Page 71 and 72: eport (Col. John Fleeharty) lamente
Page 73 and 74: flowing streams. The starting point
Page 75: elow the park." Apparently the pump
Page 79 and 80: of the lake plain and upland areas
Page 81 and 82: characteristics, and are important
Page 83 and 84: Lake section (see Figure 2.4). Nota
Page 85 and 86: Figure 5.2. Flow time series for Tw
Page 87 and 88: Figure 5.4. Flow time series for Co
Page 89 and 90: Figure 5.8. Flow per square mile pe
Page 91 and 92: area that have thicker glacial depo
Page 93 and 94: Table 5.4. Protected Water Uses for
Page 95 and 96: Stream Zone County 3—East Branch
Page 97 and 98: 5.10.2 Permitted Discharges The two
Page 99 and 100: Figure 5.14. Average summer phospho
Page 101 and 102: Figure 5.15. Graphical analyses of
Page 103 and 104: Figure 5.17. Average summer nitrate
Page 105 and 106: Figure 5.19. Mercury concentrations
Page 107 and 108: Figure 5.20. Map showing locations
Page 109 and 110: Figure 5.22. Number of stream miles
Page 111 and 112: 91 Figure 5.24. Results of Campbell
Page 113 and 114: Table 5.6. Range in Number of E. co
Page 115 and 116: Figure 5.26. Maximum E. coli counts
Page 117 and 118: The recent investigation completed
Page 119 and 120: Figure 5.30. Sources of known nondo
Page 121 and 122: 6 NATURAL RESOURCES 6.1 Animal Life
Page 123 and 124: Rank Status Taxon Common Name Globa
Page 125 and 126: Table 6.2. Pennsylvania Vertebrate
Page 127 and 128:
Table 6.3. Noted Occurrence of Spaw
Page 129 and 130:
Figure 6.4. Water quality designati
Page 131 and 132:
Figure 6.6. Fishing hours spent on
Page 133 and 134:
Figure 6.7. Comparative analysis of
Page 135 and 136:
Figure 6.9. Percentage breakdown of
Page 137 and 138:
A small number of the birds listed
Page 139 and 140:
phytoplankton by Dreissena allows l
Page 141 and 142:
populations increase. Corbicula flu
Page 143 and 144:
Rank Status Taxon Common name Globa
Page 145 and 146:
Rank Status Taxon Common name Globa
Page 147 and 148:
Two other forest wetland plant comm
Page 149 and 150:
6.2.4 Emergent Wetlands Over half o
Page 151 and 152:
alleghaniensis), sugar maple, red m
Page 153 and 154:
Table 6.6.Percentage Composition of
Page 155 and 156:
Figure 6.18. Detail of the largest
Page 157 and 158:
Figure 7.1. Responses made by study
Page 159 and 160:
Figure 7.3. Spatial distribution of
Page 161 and 162:
Presque Isle State Park is connecte
Page 163 and 164:
Table 7.2. Number of Recreational O
Page 165 and 166:
lakefront recreational properties,
Page 167 and 168:
Map Id Subwatershed Comment 51 41.5
Page 169 and 170:
Bayfront Center for Maritime Studie
Page 171 and 172:
Other watershed associations or wat
Page 173 and 174:
Figure 8.1. Child poverty rates in
Page 175 and 176:
comprehensive vision or plan, have
Page 177 and 178:
and municipalities should be encour
Page 179 and 180:
5. In order to sustain maximum biod
Page 181 and 182:
10 PRIORITIES AND STRATEGIES FOR AC
Page 183 and 184:
easements for riparian areas, and p
Page 185 and 186:
Table 10.2 Management Areas Defined
Page 187 and 188:
Figure 10.2. Example of how GIS can
Page 189 and 190:
Figure 10.4. Example of how GIS can
Page 191 and 192:
Watershed Portion MAs Main Subwater
Page 193 and 194:
Restoration actions Management Area
Page 195 and 196:
11 REFERENCES CITED Abrams, M. D. 2
Page 197 and 198:
Broyles, B. J. 1971 Second Prelimin
Page 199 and 200:
Cooper, N. L., J. R. Bidwell, and D
Page 201 and 202:
Dzurko, Robert 1972 Conneaut Creek
Page 203 and 204:
Goodyear, A. C. 1999 The Early Holo
Page 205 and 206:
Jasim, S. Y., A. Irabelli, L. Schwe
Page 207 and 208:
Leighton, R. 2006 Pennsylvania Fish
Page 209 and 210:
Michaels, A. 2005 Pennsylvania Has
Page 211 and 212:
2007d Waterways, Wetlands, and Eros
Page 213 and 214:
Richardson, J. B., and J. B. Peters
Page 215 and 216:
Soon, W. and S. Baliunas 2003 Proxy
Page 217 and 218:
Tomikel and Shepps 1967 Trasande, L
Page 219:
Whitley, D. S., and R. I. Dorn 1993
Page 223 and 224:
Preparing For Watershed Conservatio
Page 225 and 226:
Introduction (cont’d) In March of
Page 227 and 228:
Executive Summary Overall, responde
Page 229 and 230:
Executive Summary (cont’d) Cont
Page 231 and 232:
Summary Of Key Groups (cont’d) Ur
Page 233 and 234:
Please Indicate Whether You Agree,
Page 235 and 236:
In Your Opinion, Is The Need For Im
Page 237 and 238:
If You Had To Choose Between Proper
Page 239 and 240:
Favorite Locations For Recreation I
Page 241 and 242:
Favorite Motor Boating Locations To
Page 243 and 244:
Favorite Hiking Locations Location
Page 245 and 246:
Favorite Swimming Locations Total R
Page 247 and 248:
Knowledge Of Historic And Prehistor
Page 249:
Support For Stream Protection Measu
Page 253 and 254:
LERC Rivers Conservation Plan Publi
Page 255 and 256:
• Mason: As far as education, get
Page 257:
• Kloss: Educate people about Act
Page 261 and 262:
Great Lakes Commission http://www.g
Page 263:
Center for Economic and Environment
Page 267 and 268:
The Erie County portion of the Penn
Page 269 and 270:
Feature Parameters Parameter Variab
Page 271 and 272:
Feature Parameters Parameter Variab
show all

Watershed Conservation Plan - Destination Erie

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?