Watershed Conservation Plan - Destination Erie

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of $800 for the purchase of The Triangle. However, the area of Erie County was still not secured against attack by the Six Nations until August 1794, when General Anthony Wayne defeated the western confederation of Wyandots, Ottawas, Chippewas, and Potawatomis at the Battle of Fallen Timbers (Lechner 1984:27–28). This defeat, in turn, caused the Iroquois to settle their differences with the United States and sign the Treaty of Canandaigua in November 1794. In 1792, the General Assembly of Pennsylvania passed an act for the laying out of the town of Presque Isle, otherwise known as Erie (Nelson 1987:387–389). In June 1795, Generals William Irvine and Andrew Ellicott arrived to lay out the town, accompanied by surveyors and a company of state militia. Originally part of Millcreek Township, Erie was incorporated as a borough and the county seat in 1805 (Nelson 1987:389). The growth of Erie was integrally tied to its position on Lake Erie and its connection to other important manufacturing and shipping towns (e.g., Pittsburgh, Buffalo, and Cleveland). Supplying local needs, economic development in Erie County began with the establishment of saw and grist mills. In 1795, Captain Russell Bissell erected the first sawmill in Erie county at the mouth of Mill Creek, from which it derived its name, and in 1798 Thomas Forster built a grist mill at the mouth of Walnut Creek ( Reed 1925:320; Spencer 1962:229). The settlers' need for lumber spurred the sawmill industry, and by 1820 sawmills were established on almost all of the streams in Erie county (Spencer 1962:229). Walnut Creek alone supplied the water power for four gristmills and 13 sawmills in 1835. Tanneries, brick kilns, woolen mills, dairy and cheese factories, and breweries soon followed. Farm animals (i.e., cattle, hogs, sheep, and turkeys) were driven to markets in Buffalo and Cleveland before slaughter houses were established in Erie. As mentioned above, the transport of salt was a major industry in early Erie. 3.2.3 Brief History of Crawford County Crawford County was formed from Allegheny County in 1800 and named in honor of famed frontiersman Colonel William Crawford, who had been captured, tortured, and executed by Indians in 1782 at present-day Sandusky, Ohio, during the retreat of the ill-fated Crawford Expedition, one of the final battles on the western front of the Revolutionary War. Located in western Pennsylvania, Crawford County is bordered by Erie County to the north, Warren County to the east, Mercer and Venango Counties to the south, and the State of Ohio to the west. French Creek, the county
uilt the first wool-carding and cloth-dressing establishment on Conneaut Creek, 2 miles north of Conneautville. The settlement of Beaver Township began as early as 1797 and accelerated in 1816 with a wave of emigration from New York and the New England States. These later settlers constructed roads, schoolhouses, saw and grist mills, and salt works. The first saw mill was built by William Plymate and the second was built by Elihu Griswold. In 1831, Robert Foster built the first grist mill. The practice of deep boring to produce higher yields of the township
Page 1: Pennsylvania Rivers Conservation Pr
Page 4 and 5: land to development. Strong communi
Page 6 and 7: Human resources available to facili
Page 8 and 9: other communities, organizations, a
Page 11 and 12: TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures .
Page 13 and 14: 8.3 Sustainable Development and Gov
Page 15 and 16: Figure 5.14. Average summer phospho
Page 17 and 18: Figure 10.3. Management Areas propo
Page 19: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS AND PLAN AUTHORSHIP
Page 22 and 23: working with interested teacher and
Page 24 and 25: Figure 1.3. Perceived importance of
Page 26 and 27: 1.3 Watershed Plan Focus The primar
Page 28 and 29: Figure 2.2. Detail of the south-cen
Page 30 and 31: Figure 2.4. Physiographic provinces
Page 32 and 33: westward. Although the paucity of f
Page 34 and 35: via the Erigan River, a major river
Page 36 and 37: Warren and Whittlesey can be found
Page 38 and 39: evised paleoenvironmental picture,
Page 40 and 41: characteristic ground stone tools,
Page 42 and 43: phase represent the most common Lat
Page 44 and 45: including flexed and extended inhum
Page 46 and 47: with the appearance of European tra
Page 48 and 49: The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania wa
Page 52 and 53: In addition to these townships, the
Page 54 and 55: Pittsburgh Railroad had reached New
Page 56 and 57: Figure 3.3. Density of registered a
Page 58: the Whittlesey and Warren III stran
Page 61 and 62: Table 3.3. Properties in the Study
Page 63 and 64: Table 3.3—continued Name Address
Page 65 and 66: Table 3.3—continued Name Address
Page 67 and 68: "Little Ice Age"), and the validity
Page 69 and 70: "massasaugies" (Eastern Massasauga
Page 71 and 72: eport (Col. John Fleeharty) lamente
Page 73 and 74: flowing streams. The starting point
Page 75 and 76: elow the park." Apparently the pump
Page 77 and 78: A submerged arching sand feature is
Page 79 and 80: of the lake plain and upland areas
Page 81 and 82: characteristics, and are important
Page 83 and 84: Lake section (see Figure 2.4). Nota
Page 85 and 86: Figure 5.2. Flow time series for Tw
Page 87 and 88: Figure 5.4. Flow time series for Co
Page 89 and 90: Figure 5.8. Flow per square mile pe
Page 91 and 92: area that have thicker glacial depo
Page 93 and 94: Table 5.4. Protected Water Uses for
Page 95 and 96: Stream Zone County 3—East Branch
Page 97 and 98: 5.10.2 Permitted Discharges The two
Page 99 and 100: Figure 5.14. Average summer phospho
Page 101 and 102:
Figure 5.15. Graphical analyses of
Page 103 and 104:
Figure 5.17. Average summer nitrate
Page 105 and 106:
Figure 5.19. Mercury concentrations
Page 107 and 108:
Figure 5.20. Map showing locations
Page 109 and 110:
Figure 5.22. Number of stream miles
Page 111 and 112:
91 Figure 5.24. Results of Campbell
Page 113 and 114:
Table 5.6. Range in Number of E. co
Page 115 and 116:
Figure 5.26. Maximum E. coli counts
Page 117 and 118:
The recent investigation completed
Page 119 and 120:
Figure 5.30. Sources of known nondo
Page 121 and 122:
6 NATURAL RESOURCES 6.1 Animal Life
Page 123 and 124:
Rank Status Taxon Common Name Globa
Page 125 and 126:
Table 6.2. Pennsylvania Vertebrate
Page 127 and 128:
Table 6.3. Noted Occurrence of Spaw
Page 129 and 130:
Figure 6.4. Water quality designati
Page 131 and 132:
Figure 6.6. Fishing hours spent on
Page 133 and 134:
Figure 6.7. Comparative analysis of
Page 135 and 136:
Figure 6.9. Percentage breakdown of
Page 137 and 138:
A small number of the birds listed
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phytoplankton by Dreissena allows l
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populations increase. Corbicula flu
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Rank Status Taxon Common name Globa
Page 145 and 146:
Rank Status Taxon Common name Globa
Page 147 and 148:
Two other forest wetland plant comm
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6.2.4 Emergent Wetlands Over half o
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alleghaniensis), sugar maple, red m
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Table 6.6.Percentage Composition of
Page 155 and 156:
Figure 6.18. Detail of the largest
Page 157 and 158:
Figure 7.1. Responses made by study
Page 159 and 160:
Figure 7.3. Spatial distribution of
Page 161 and 162:
Presque Isle State Park is connecte
Page 163 and 164:
Table 7.2. Number of Recreational O
Page 165 and 166:
lakefront recreational properties,
Page 167 and 168:
Map Id Subwatershed Comment 51 41.5
Page 169 and 170:
Bayfront Center for Maritime Studie
Page 171 and 172:
Other watershed associations or wat
Page 173 and 174:
Figure 8.1. Child poverty rates in
Page 175 and 176:
comprehensive vision or plan, have
Page 177 and 178:
and municipalities should be encour
Page 179 and 180:
5. In order to sustain maximum biod
Page 181 and 182:
10 PRIORITIES AND STRATEGIES FOR AC
Page 183 and 184:
easements for riparian areas, and p
Page 185 and 186:
Table 10.2 Management Areas Defined
Page 187 and 188:
Figure 10.2. Example of how GIS can
Page 189 and 190:
Figure 10.4. Example of how GIS can
Page 191 and 192:
Watershed Portion MAs Main Subwater
Page 193 and 194:
Restoration actions Management Area
Page 195 and 196:
11 REFERENCES CITED Abrams, M. D. 2
Page 197 and 198:
Broyles, B. J. 1971 Second Prelimin
Page 199 and 200:
Cooper, N. L., J. R. Bidwell, and D
Page 201 and 202:
Dzurko, Robert 1972 Conneaut Creek
Page 203 and 204:
Goodyear, A. C. 1999 The Early Holo
Page 205 and 206:
Jasim, S. Y., A. Irabelli, L. Schwe
Page 207 and 208:
Leighton, R. 2006 Pennsylvania Fish
Page 209 and 210:
Michaels, A. 2005 Pennsylvania Has
Page 211 and 212:
2007d Waterways, Wetlands, and Eros
Page 213 and 214:
Richardson, J. B., and J. B. Peters
Page 215 and 216:
Soon, W. and S. Baliunas 2003 Proxy
Page 217 and 218:
Tomikel and Shepps 1967 Trasande, L
Page 219:
Whitley, D. S., and R. I. Dorn 1993
Page 223 and 224:
Preparing For Watershed Conservatio
Page 225 and 226:
Introduction (cont’d) In March of
Page 227 and 228:
Executive Summary Overall, responde
Page 229 and 230:
Executive Summary (cont’d) Cont
Page 231 and 232:
Summary Of Key Groups (cont’d) Ur
Page 233 and 234:
Please Indicate Whether You Agree,
Page 235 and 236:
In Your Opinion, Is The Need For Im
Page 237 and 238:
If You Had To Choose Between Proper
Page 239 and 240:
Favorite Locations For Recreation I
Page 241 and 242:
Favorite Motor Boating Locations To
Page 243 and 244:
Favorite Hiking Locations Location
Page 245 and 246:
Favorite Swimming Locations Total R
Page 247 and 248:
Knowledge Of Historic And Prehistor
Page 249:
Support For Stream Protection Measu
Page 253 and 254:
LERC Rivers Conservation Plan Publi
Page 255 and 256:
• Mason: As far as education, get
Page 257:
• Kloss: Educate people about Act
Page 261 and 262:
Great Lakes Commission http://www.g
Page 263:
Center for Economic and Environment
Page 267 and 268:
The Erie County portion of the Penn
Page 269 and 270:
Feature Parameters Parameter Variab
Page 271 and 272:
Feature Parameters Parameter Variab
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Watershed Conservation Plan - Destination Erie

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