Watershed Conservation Plan - Destination Erie

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Shane, L. C., G. G. Snyder and K. H. Anderson 2001 Holocene Vegetation and Climate Changes in the Ohio Region. In Archaic Transitions in Ohio & Kentucky, edited by O. H. Prufer, S. E. Peddle, and R. S. Meindl, pp. 11–55. The Kent State University Press, Kent, Ohio. Shank, W. H. 1981 The Amazing Pennsylvania Canals. American Canal and Transportation Center, York, Pennsylvania. Shepps, V. C., G. W. White, J. B. Droste, and R. F. Sitler 1959 The Glacial Geology of Northwestern Pennsylvania, Pa. Bulletin G32. Pennsylvania Geologic Survey, Harrisburg. Shott, M. J. 1986 Settlement Mobility and Technological Organization Among Great Lakes Paleo-Indian Foragers. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan. 1993 The Leavitt Site: A Parkhill Phase Paleo-Indian Occupation in Central Michigan. Memoirs No. 25. Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Shuter, B., L. Johnson, G. Kling, and J. Magnuson 2003 Fish Responses to Climate Changes. Technical Appendix to report on Confronting Climate Change in the Great Lakes Region. Available at: http://www.ucsusa.org/greatlakes/glchallengeaquatic.html. Sierra Club 2006 from the Source to the Tap: Why America's Drinking Water Sources Are at Risk. Available at: http://www.sierraclub.org/cleanwater/reports_factsheets/drinking_water.pdf. Susquehanna River Basin Commission (SRBC) 2001 Sound Flood Plain Management Practices Within Pennsylvania. Information Sheet 3/01. Available at: http://wwww.srbc.net. Silva, M., L. A. Hartling, S. A. Field, and K. Teather 2003 the Effects of Habitat Fragmentation on Amphibian Species Richness of Prince Edward Island. Canadian Journal of Zoology 81:563-573. Silver, P., M. A. Campbell, and J. K. Cooper 1999 the Population Biology of the Spotted Salamander, Ambystoma maculatum, Inhabiting Penn State Erie Wetlands. Final report submitted to Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of Transportation, Office of Research and Special Studies, Harrisburg. Sirkin, L. 1977 Late Pleistocene Vegetation and Environments in the Middle Atlantic Region. In Amerinds and their Paleoenvironments in Northeastern North America, edited by W. S. Newman and B. Salwen. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 288:206–217. Skadsen, J. M., B. l. Rice, and D. J. Meyering 2004 the Occurrence and Fate of Pharmaceuticals, Personal Care Products and Endocrine Disrupting Compounds in a Municipal Water Use Cycle: a Case Study in the City of Ann Arbor. City of Ann Arbor, Water Utilities, and Fleis and VandenBrink Engineering, Inc. Available at: http://www.ci.annarbor.mi.us/PublicServices/Water/WTP/EndocrineDisruptors.pdf. Smith, D. G. 1997 Radiocarbon Dating the Middle to Late Woodland Transition and Earliest Maize in Southern Ontario. Northeast Anthropology 54:37–73. Snow, D. R. 1995 Migration In Prehistory: The Northern Iroquoian Case. American Antiquity 60(1):59–79. 194
Soon, W. and S. Baliunas 2003 Proxy climatic and environmental changes of the past 1000 years. Climate Research 23:89-110. Sousounis, P., and P. Glick 2000 The Potential Impacts of Global Warming on the Great Lakes Region. Electronic document, available at http://www.climatehotmap.org/impacts/greatlakes.html Spence, M. W., R. H. Pihl, and C. Murphy 1990 Cultural Complexes of the Early and Middle Woodland Periods. In Archaeology of Southern Ontario to A.D. 1650, edited by C. J. Ellis and N. Ferris, pp. 125–169. Occasional Publications of the London Chapter No. 5. Ontario Archaeological Society Inc., London, Ontario. Spencer, H. R. 1962 Erie...A History. H. R. Spencer, publisher. The Erie Book Store, distributor. Erie, Pennsylvania. Stevens, S. K., and D. H. Kent 1941 Wilderness Chronicles of Northwestern Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, Harrisburg. Stewart, R. M., and J. Cavallo 1991 Delaware Valley Middle Archaic. Journal of Middle Atlantic Archaeology 7:19–42. Stewart, R. M., and J. Kratzer 1989 Prehistoric Site Locations on the Unglaciated Appalachian Plateau. Pennsylvania Archaeologist 59(1):19–36. Stewart, R. M. 1984a Archaeologically Significant Characteristics of Maryland and Pennsylvania Metarhyolites. In Prehistoric Lithic Exchange Systems in the Middle Atlantic Region, edited by J. F. Custer, pp. 2–13. Monograph No. 3. University of Delaware Center for Archaeological Research, Newark. 1984b South Mountain (Meta) Rhyolite: A Perspective on Prehistoric Trade and Exchange in the Middle Atlantic Region. In Prehistoric Lithic Exchange Systems in the Middle Atlantic Region, edited by J. F. Custer, pp. 14–44. Monograph No. 3. University of Delaware Center for Archaeological Research, Newark. 1987 Rhyolite Quarry and Quarry-Related Sites in Maryland and Pennsylvania. Archaeology of Eastern North America 15:47–57. 1989 Trade and Exchange in Middle Atlantic Prehistory. Archaeology of Eastern North America 17:47–78. Stewart, T. W., J. G. Miner, and R. L. Lowe 1998 Macroinvertebrate Communities on Hard Substrates in Western Lake Erie: Structuring Effects of Dreissena. Journal of Great Lakes Research 24(4):868-879. Stone, D. and D. Frew 1993 The Lake Erie Quadrangle: Waters of Repose. Erie County Historical Society, Erie, Pennsylvania. Storck, P. 1983 The Fisher Site, Fluting Techniques, and Early Paleoindian Cultural Relationships. Archaeology of Eastern North America 11:80–97. 1984 Glacial Lake Algonquin and Early PaleoIndian Settlement Patterns in South-Central Ontario. Archaeology of Eastern North America 12:286–298. 1991 Imperialists Without A State: The Cultural Dynamics of Early Paleoindian Colonization As Seen From the Great Lakes Region. In Clovis: Origins and Adaptations, edited by R. Bonnichsen and K. L. Turnmire, pp. 153–161. Center for the Study of the First Americans, Corvallis. Stothers, D. M., A. M. Schneider, and M. Pape 2001 Early Archaic Side-Notched Points from East-Central Ohio. In Archaic Transitions in Ohio & Kentucky, edited by O. H. Prufer, S. E. Peddle, and R. S. Meindl, pp. 210–230. The Kent State University Press, Kent, Ohio. Stothers, D. M. 1996 Resource Procurement and Band Territories: A Model for Lower Great Lakes Paleoindian and Early Archaic Settlement Systems. Archaeology of Eastern North America 24:173–216. 195
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Pennsylvania Rivers Conservation Pr
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land to development. Strong communi
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Human resources available to facili
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other communities, organizations, a
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TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures .
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8.3 Sustainable Development and Gov
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Figure 5.14. Average summer phospho
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Figure 10.3. Management Areas propo
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS AND PLAN AUTHORSHIP
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working with interested teacher and
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Figure 1.3. Perceived importance of
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1.3 Watershed Plan Focus The primar
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Figure 2.2. Detail of the south-cen
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Figure 2.4. Physiographic provinces
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westward. Although the paucity of f
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via the Erigan River, a major river
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Warren and Whittlesey can be found
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evised paleoenvironmental picture,
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characteristic ground stone tools,
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phase represent the most common Lat
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including flexed and extended inhum
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with the appearance of European tra
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The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania wa
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of $800 for the purchase of The Tri
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In addition to these townships, the
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Pittsburgh Railroad had reached New
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Figure 3.3. Density of registered a
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the Whittlesey and Warren III stran
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Table 3.3. Properties in the Study
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Table 3.3—continued Name Address
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Table 3.3—continued Name Address
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"Little Ice Age"), and the validity
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"massasaugies" (Eastern Massasauga
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eport (Col. John Fleeharty) lamente
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flowing streams. The starting point
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elow the park." Apparently the pump
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A submerged arching sand feature is
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of the lake plain and upland areas
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characteristics, and are important
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Lake section (see Figure 2.4). Nota
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Figure 5.2. Flow time series for Tw
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Figure 5.4. Flow time series for Co
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Figure 5.8. Flow per square mile pe
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area that have thicker glacial depo
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Table 5.4. Protected Water Uses for
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Stream Zone County 3—East Branch
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5.10.2 Permitted Discharges The two
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Figure 5.14. Average summer phospho
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Figure 5.15. Graphical analyses of
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Figure 5.17. Average summer nitrate
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Figure 5.19. Mercury concentrations
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Figure 5.20. Map showing locations
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Figure 5.22. Number of stream miles
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91 Figure 5.24. Results of Campbell
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Table 5.6. Range in Number of E. co
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Figure 5.26. Maximum E. coli counts
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The recent investigation completed
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Figure 5.30. Sources of known nondo
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6 NATURAL RESOURCES 6.1 Animal Life
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Rank Status Taxon Common Name Globa
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Table 6.2. Pennsylvania Vertebrate
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Table 6.3. Noted Occurrence of Spaw
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Figure 6.4. Water quality designati
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Figure 6.6. Fishing hours spent on
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Figure 6.7. Comparative analysis of
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Figure 6.9. Percentage breakdown of
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A small number of the birds listed
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phytoplankton by Dreissena allows l
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populations increase. Corbicula flu
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Rank Status Taxon Common name Globa
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Rank Status Taxon Common name Globa
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Two other forest wetland plant comm
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6.2.4 Emergent Wetlands Over half o
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alleghaniensis), sugar maple, red m
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Table 6.6.Percentage Composition of
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Figure 6.18. Detail of the largest
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Figure 7.1. Responses made by study
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Figure 7.3. Spatial distribution of
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Presque Isle State Park is connecte
Page 163 and 164: Table 7.2. Number of Recreational O
Page 165 and 166: lakefront recreational properties,
Page 167 and 168: Map Id Subwatershed Comment 51 41.5
Page 169 and 170: Bayfront Center for Maritime Studie
Page 171 and 172: Other watershed associations or wat
Page 173 and 174: Figure 8.1. Child poverty rates in
Page 175 and 176: comprehensive vision or plan, have
Page 177 and 178: and municipalities should be encour
Page 179 and 180: 5. In order to sustain maximum biod
Page 181 and 182: 10 PRIORITIES AND STRATEGIES FOR AC
Page 183 and 184: easements for riparian areas, and p
Page 185 and 186: Table 10.2 Management Areas Defined
Page 187 and 188: Figure 10.2. Example of how GIS can
Page 189 and 190: Figure 10.4. Example of how GIS can
Page 191 and 192: Watershed Portion MAs Main Subwater
Page 193 and 194: Restoration actions Management Area
Page 195 and 196: 11 REFERENCES CITED Abrams, M. D. 2
Page 197 and 198: Broyles, B. J. 1971 Second Prelimin
Page 199 and 200: Cooper, N. L., J. R. Bidwell, and D
Page 201 and 202: Dzurko, Robert 1972 Conneaut Creek
Page 203 and 204: Goodyear, A. C. 1999 The Early Holo
Page 205 and 206: Jasim, S. Y., A. Irabelli, L. Schwe
Page 207 and 208: Leighton, R. 2006 Pennsylvania Fish
Page 209 and 210: Michaels, A. 2005 Pennsylvania Has
Page 211 and 212: 2007d Waterways, Wetlands, and Eros
Page 213: Richardson, J. B., and J. B. Peters
Page 217 and 218: Tomikel and Shepps 1967 Trasande, L
Page 219: Whitley, D. S., and R. I. Dorn 1993
Page 223 and 224: Preparing For Watershed Conservatio
Page 225 and 226: Introduction (cont’d) In March of
Page 227 and 228: Executive Summary Overall, responde
Page 229 and 230: Executive Summary (cont’d) Cont
Page 231 and 232: Summary Of Key Groups (cont’d) Ur
Page 233 and 234: Please Indicate Whether You Agree,
Page 235 and 236: In Your Opinion, Is The Need For Im
Page 237 and 238: If You Had To Choose Between Proper
Page 239 and 240: Favorite Locations For Recreation I
Page 241 and 242: Favorite Motor Boating Locations To
Page 243 and 244: Favorite Hiking Locations Location
Page 245 and 246: Favorite Swimming Locations Total R
Page 247 and 248: Knowledge Of Historic And Prehistor
Page 249: Support For Stream Protection Measu
Page 253 and 254: LERC Rivers Conservation Plan Publi
Page 255 and 256: • Mason: As far as education, get
Page 257: • Kloss: Educate people about Act
Page 261 and 262: Great Lakes Commission http://www.g
Page 263: Center for Economic and Environment
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The Erie County portion of the Penn
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Feature Parameters Parameter Variab
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Feature Parameters Parameter Variab
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