English - Ontario Association of Children's Aid Societies

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$Marie Collins \$

VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN Adapted from NWAC, 2010 Research has also identified certain socio-demographic characteristics that are associated with higher rates of violence against women. Such characteristics cannot be considered causes of violence, but rather factors that help identify the context in which violence occurs. Factors consistently identified in the literature are: > > Age (rates of violence are highest among young women) > > Emotional and psychological abuse are one of the most important predictors of physical and sexual violence in spousal relationships > > Socio-economic factors (such as low income, being unemployed or having low educational attainment) > > Alcohol abuse > > Being a member of a lone parent family > > Living in crowded conditions > > Large family size > > High residential mobility (moving residences often) > > Experiences of sexual abuse In nearly every social determinants category, Aboriginal peoples are significantly disadvantaged. As a child welfare professional, one cannot protect the child without considering the health and social consequences of the conditions that impact on the well-being of Aboriginal families. E. THE SCOPE OF THE ISSUE OF FAMILY VIOLENCE FOR FIRST NATIONS, INUIT AND MÉTIS FAMILIES Violence is a symptom of historical and current experiences of Aboriginal peoples. The statistics are sobering and speak to systemic issues. It should first be understood that widespread abuse which involves physical violence, sexual abuse of women and children, addictions to alcohol and drugs, do not evolve quickly. We must recognize that these patterns of behavior are the result of several generations of inappropriate attitudes concerning the self and others. That these destructive actions are becoming normalized and severely detrimental to Inuit culture and well-being is evident in the despair of our young people marked by an increase in the school drop out rate, and tragically, in the number of teen suicides. Families are apparently overwhelmed by the magnitude of their problems and . . . . understanding . . . how many of the abusive attitudes and practices evolved through the generations from the traditional Inuit world to today, is essential to any effective healing process (Pauktuutit Inuit Women’s Association, 2005). 28 Aboriginal family violence is a result of multiple causal factors related to colonization and its legacy. Violence against Aboriginal women is linked to family
violence which is linked to the violence that is directed to Aboriginal peoples in individual and systemic ways. VIOLENCE AGAINST ABORIGINAL WOMEN Indigenous girls and young women comprise the most marginalized, exploited and frequently victimized population group in Canada. The roots of this tragedy are found in the ongoing effects of colonial oppression evidenced by myriad and extreme social and economic inequalities (NWAC, 2010; Ruttan et al, 2010; Amnesty International, 2009; Novac et al, 2002; RCAP, 1996; Status of Women Canada, 1993). Although it has long been recognized that Indigenous girls and women experience disproportionately higher and far more brutal forms of harassment, sexual exploitation, violence and murder there is still no coherent, integrated strategy to protect, support and strengthen them (Chansonneuve, 2010). Although Indigenous women represent three percent of the Canadian population, they are over-represented as victims of racialized, sexual violence. Fifty-four percent of Aboriginal women experience severe and potentially life threatening forms of violence. These conditions are unacceptable. The Native Women’s Association of Canada (NWAC) initiative entitled Sisters in Spirit brought to the world’s attention that the level of violence against Aboriginal women was so extreme that it had resulted in 500 missing and murdered women. Upon completion of five years of research, the NWAC had a database of information about more than 630 missing and murdered Aboriginal women. In 2008, the National Clearinghouse on Family Violence released the following statistics: > > 343 Aboriginal females out of every 1,000 are victims of violent crimes, compared to 96 out of every 1,000 non-Aboriginal women > > Aboriginal females are 3.5 times more at-risk to be a victim of a violent crime than non-Aboriginal women > > Aboriginal women are eight times more likely to suffer abuse than non-Aboriginal women; and of those women, 87 percent had been physically injured and 57 percent had been sexually abused The Métis do not have gender specific statistics, yet the rates of violence reported indicate a prevalence of violence, sexual abuse and sexual assault. The few statistics available indicate that 39 percent of Métis experienced family violence, 23 percent experienced sexual abuse and 14.6 percent experienced rape. 29
Page 1: WORKING WITH FIRST NATIONS, INUIT A
Page 4 and 5: SUPPORTING ABORIGINAL FAMILIES Than
Page 6 and 7: THE STEERING COMMITTEE Native Child
Page 8 and 9: 8 4 > STRENGTHENING YOUR PRACTICE /
Page 10 and 11: Child welfare professionals have a
Page 12 and 13: 4. To successfully protect First Na
Page 14 and 15: A range of violent behaviour can oc
Page 16 and 17: “The term ‘Aboriginal’ is off
Page 18 and 19: The Practice Guide is an invitation
Page 20 and 21: Clan family: This structure is base
Page 22 and 23: Family violence (witnessing and bei
Page 24 and 25: could live on the land and in the c
Page 26 and 27: The historical trauma of Aboriginal
Page 30 and 31: FAMILY VIOLENCE Family violence in
Page 32 and 33: General characteristics of lateral
Page 34 and 35: G. ATTACHMENT Culture has commonly
Page 36 and 37: In Indian country, we should probab
Page 38 and 39: Customary Care: Customary Care reco
Page 40 and 41: Canada Mortgage and Housing Corpora
Page 43 and 44: 2 > FIRST NATION, INUIT AND MÉTIS
Page 45 and 46: First Nations people living outside
Page 47 and 48: First Nations, Métis and Inuit peo
Page 49 and 50: and meeting obligations to medicine
Page 51 and 52: C. THE INUIT In 2006, there were 2,
Page 53 and 54: population relates primarily to the
Page 55 and 56: Individuals or their children were
Page 57 and 58: status as a result of marrying non-
Page 59 and 60: MILLENNIUM SCOOP In her report, Pro
Page 61 and 62: G. ABORIGINAL FAMILIES AND CHILD WE
Page 63 and 64: . . . if we go back to the origi
Page 65 and 66: Effectiveness of Healing Activities
Page 67 and 68: 3 > UNDERSTANDING CHILD WELFARE AND
Page 69 and 70: and linguistic development, is a de
Page 71 and 72: The Medicine Wheel is an ancient sy
Page 73 and 74: Life Cycle Wheel training and teach
Page 75 and 76: 1. Piliriqatigiinngniq — worki
Page 77 and 78: Traditionally, it was the women who
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The OACAS Practice Guide, Critical
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THE STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK TO END VIOL
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2. In order for development to occu
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Circles and involves the community
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A key tool that is often used to he
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Four Worlds International Institute
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A. HOW ABORIGINAL FAMILIES DESCRIBE
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Indigenous knowledge, including how
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“I felt judged by the workers. I
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The focus group participants gave t
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“When a CAS protection worker cam
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Offer as many interventions as poss
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The model below shows elements invo
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F. PRACTICE: ENGAGE OTHERS TO SUPPO
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What are the strengths of this fami
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The focus group participants made t
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“CAS was called in because the fa
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3. Focus group participants express
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Some of the training provided to re
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SOURCES Ajunnginiq Centre, National
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A. WHAT DOES “ABORIGINAL COMMUNIT
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Organizational change within CAS in
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ESTABLISH A COMMITTEE OF CHILD WELF
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“Our organization has agreements
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AHWS Healing Continuum Aboriginal H
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SOURCES Aboriginal Healing and Well
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A. WHAT DOES ADVOCACY MEAN Child we
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community initiatives, conducted re
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To download a copy of Children Firs
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3. What interventions are offered t
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and ongoing needs with the resource
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A. A PROCESS OF RECONCILIATION In 1
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S O U R C E S Blackstock, C., Cross
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ONTARIO ABORIGINAL ORGANIZATIONS Ch
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APPENDIX A GLOSSARY Unless specific
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emaining within Canada. All 10 prem
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APPENDIX B SAFETY PLANNING FOR WOME
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APPENDIX C SAFETY PLANNING FOR THE
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flag situations arise from rigid ex
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REFERENCES 2-Sprited People of the
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Castellano, M.B., Archibald, L., &
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Hudson, P. & McKenzie, B. (2003). E
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Ontario Association of Children’s
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Teillet, J. (2010). Métis law in C
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English - Ontario Association of Children's Aid Societies

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