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to an end. Year 1308 was not only the date of Masud
the 2nd's death but it is also taken as the year when
the Anatolian Seljuk State collapsed by the historians. 12
Throughout two centuries of existence the Anatolian
Seljuk State managed to produce very significant
works of art in spite of all these disorders. The studies
on Seljuk Arts have been miscellaneous. One of
those is the studies on ornaments. In the Anatolian
Seljuk structures, it is noticed that the architectural
elements were decorated with different materials.
There are decorating elements that can be divided
into four main groups as geometrical, figured, calligraphy
(script) and floral in the patterns on stone, wood,
ceramics and even stucco as decoration material, although
the last one doesn't have many examples.
Besides intermingled arrangements were sometimes
processed together, one of these ornament forms is
seen in the foreground in the patterns. In ornaments
that calligraphy and floral patterns were used together
calligraphy comes to the foreground, or that geometrical
and floral ones were used together geometrical ornament
is seen in the foreground. Here, we are going
to study the usage of the rumi pattern in arrangement
of portal ornament of the structures in the Anatolian
Seljuk architecture in chronological order. Although
it was used in the Middle East before Anatolia, this
pattern took the name “Rumi”, a name dedicated to
Anatolia, because of the intense usage in the Anatolian
Seljuk period.
Detail from the portal of Hatuniye Madrasa in Karaman
In the Southeastern Anatolian region where we found
the earliest examples of mosque architecture, influence
of Syria is seen. The very first examples were built
before the Anatolian Seljuk period and were revised
in the period of Malik-Shah. One of these is the Great
Mosque of Diyarbakir (Ulu Mosque) (1092) 13 and its
plan proves the situation as it replicates the Umayyad
Mosque in Damascus. With the ancient capitalled columns
on the two-storey cloisters by the yard, the patterns
on the spiral branches on the stringcourse taking
place on the elevation and its cove moldings it reflects
the eclectic features of the period.
In 1086 Silvan was taken under the control of the
Great Seljuk State and given to the Artuqids as fief.
Silvan Ulu Mosque (1224) 14 is important because its
blind gallery in the north elevation and the corbel remnants
which supposed to bear a cornice showed a different
elevation arrangement. These rows of corbels
and the surfaces of their rosettes are decorated with