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Sultan Abdulhamid-i Sani on April 17, 1882. Tughras,
the personal signature of the
previous sultans from that
time, took the role of coat
of arm at the same time
which represents dynasty
and government.
Symmetric mysterious
image of Ottoman
coat of arm which reflects
all the elements
of government and embraces
national and spiritual
features together
keeps its secret
due to the anatomical
structure that presents a historical depth. As a
result of widespread use of it that any other
coat of arms had such a chance and being
internalized by folk, it is used not only government
correspondence but also social and daily life.
Tughra emerged from the sign that Oguz Han used
who is one of Oguz Khans. Tughra as a word phrase
has two meaning, the first meaning of it: big predatory
falcon whose two wings are open, tugrul bird.
The other meaning of it: specific symbols which Ottoman
Sultans used instead of signature, augury, Nishani
Hâkânî which is derived from the word “tuğrağ”.
Leather seal with coat of arms
In Anatolian dialect "ğ" is not used at the end of
the word so it changes as tuğra over time. Tugrul
Bey used the first tughra whose shape was beetle
also used as a coat of arm by Kınık Clan and Seljuks
used double-headed tugrul bird as tughra. Anatolian
Seljuks’ curved tughras passed to Ayyubids, with a little
change reached to Mamluks. In Mamluks tughras
whose vertical lines are intense are used instead of
the ones which contain the names of monarch and
his father in curved lines. Anatolian Seljuk Sultans’
names take place with double-headed tugrul bird in
some epigraphs. Tughras are used on coins and correspondence
in Anatolian Seignories. "There is the
oldest tughra image in seignories on Ishak Bey's, the
son of Saruhan Bey, silver coin dated (777H.1374G.)" 1
Tughra in Ottoman Sultans
First tughra in Ottoman Empire is supposed to belonged
Osman Gazi who established the empire at
Söğut and its around. The oldest document with
tughra belongs to Ottoman State takes place in
Orhan Gazi's Çalıca Vakfiye 2 (deed of a pious foundation)
during Osman Gazi's lordship labeled as
"Orhan Sultan" dated 700/10 May, 1301. After his
father's death as the second Ottoman Sultan Orhan
Gazi's tughra is changed as "Orhan bin Osman" in
Mekece Vakfiye which is dated 20 Rebî’ul-evvel 724
(17 March 1324).
Cigarette case with coat of arms
“Bin” is an Arabic origin word meaning
“son”, this expression will also create basis
for the next tughras. The only known document
of Sultan I. Murad with tughra takes
place in a vakfiye dated 1366. In this document
fringes which take place on the right
of letter Elif passed to left. In addition, letter
nun in "Murad Bin Orhan" reaches over
the first fringe from the right side forming
sanjak, so egg section began to take a form
slowly by slowly. In this sultan tughra, tughs'
fringe and sanjak side fluctuate from east to
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