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surround the daily life and which host their turbanned
or fezzed visitors, are in front of our eyes all the time.
Shaded by cypress trees most of the time, graveyards are
like mirrors which show us the existance of the angel of
death, which will visit all of us some day. The french author
T. Gautier writes “I don’t know why, but when I’m
at a Turkish graveyard, I don’t feel the sorrow that I feel
at a Christian graveyard.” The German Marshal H. Von
Moltke says: “Graves crown the forelands around Istanbul,
which have the most beautiful landscapes possible.
If it’s true that spirits which leave the body sometimes
wonder around graves, these spirits are watching in the
full moon light the hills in both Europe and Asia, the
bright mirrorlike reflection of the Bosphorus and Marmara,
and this hugely populated city half million residents
of which will be sleeping under these cypress trees
almost in 100 years.”
1) For more information on Mimar Sinan’s Works in Uskudar, see Mehmet Mermi
Haskan, Yuzyıllar Boyunca Uskudar, (Uskudar throughout centuries) Vol. 1, Istanbul
2001, pp. 261-262. 2) The cherity Stones, the best samples of whom we can see
on Doğancılar Avenue in Uskudar, and beside the Mirahur (Imrahor) mosque built in
1597, are rare and precious historical pieces we inherit from our dearest ancestors.
The cherity Stone which is located in front of the iron woven window of the burial
place on Gundoğumu Avenue, to the left of the place where prayer times were calculated
and announced,, however, is shorter and of a more different style than most
other cherity Stones which are similar to it. Being used today as a stool so that the visitors
who climb up hill can have a rest, This cherity Stone once used to be the sign
of the helping hands reached out to the poor. 3) Mehmed Raif, Mir’at-ı Istanbul, (the
Miracle of Istanbul) Âlem Printinghouse, Istanbul 1314, p. 107. See also. Ayvansarâyî
Huseyin Efendi, Hakîkatu’l-Cevâmi’ (Edited by Ahmed Nezih Galitekin), Işaret Press,
Istanbul 2001, p. 617. 4) Dr. Gulçin Erol Canca, Uskudar Ahmediye Kulliyesi ve Lale
Devri Mimarisi Içinde Bir Değerlendirme, Uluslararası Uskudar Sempozyumu VI, (a review
based on the Ahmediye College in Uskudar and the Tulip Era Architecture, the
6th International Symposium) Istanbul 2008, pp. 193-195. 5) For more information
on the Works by Ismail Hakkı Bursevi, who was born in Istanbul, (died in 1725) and
Also, Poet Yahya Kemal, who best grasped the glory of
the Islamic Turkish civilisation which came into existance
with the Ottoman Empire, describing it in his verses in
the most effective way, teaches us a meaningful lesson
with the statement “A nation who comprehends its nationality
is the one who lives with its dead.” 15 Which he
gave in one of his talks. Spread in 2 divisions on both
southern and western sides of the mosque, the burial
place of the Ahmediye College conjoins at the point
where Gundoğumu Avenue and Esvapçı Street conjoin.
The division on Gundoğumu Avenue is surrounded by
a 6-arched window wall. The other division begins at
the corner of the street, and ends above the entrence
gate. The division on the Avenue side has gravestones
of Fiduciary Ahmet ağa who died in 1730, his 2 sons,
his daughters and his wife, as well as the examples of
other gravestones which gives us information about ornamental
decorations used on gravestones during the
Tulip Era. The ornaments on the gravestones reflect the
Tulip Era motives which are on the other side of the college.
The fruit motives on the plates which are situated
on the pehle parts of the gravestones in front of the
arched window which sees the main avenue are quite
magnificent. Also, some lodge symbols on some of the
gravestones are noteworthy. The cypress tree reliefs that
we see on the pulpet of the mosque can also be seen on
the gravestones which are on the side of the yard. In the
burial place where we see the examples of the talik and
sulus, which are 2 of the beautiful handwriting styles,
the rose motives on the written gravestones are glorious.
Also, in the burial place where the open domed
tomb of Kefçe Dede is located adjacent to the mosque,
the uninscripted sarcophagus of Emin Mehmed Efendi,
a Divan poet and the Uskudar Molla, is breathtaking.
The sarcophagus was once used as a visiting point. The
burial place also hosts the imams and madrasah teachers
who served in the mosque. The beautifully inscripted,
turbaned grave Stone of the great Molla Mustafa
Asım Efendi, which was ornated with paradice tree reliefs,
is worth seeing. The sarcophaguslike gravestone of
the builder of the college, Fiduciary Ahmed Ağa, whose
epigraph which was dated 1730 was written on, is in
the shape of a cornered column without holes. The
flower motived and inscripted headed gravestones of
Ahmed Ağa’s sons, Osman ağa, and Emin Muhammed
Ağa, both have the same date (November 1746), are the
beautiful examples of the classical Tulip Era style flower
motives which are coming out of delicate vases. The
rose reliefs with their leaves and branches which were
carved on the inscripted heads of both sarcophaguses,
the 1733 dated sarcophagus ornated with cypress tree
reliefs, and the turbaned sarcophagus of the great molla
Mehmed Emin Efendi which is ornated with paradice
tree reliefs, are unique examples for Uskudar.
As a result, built in 1721-1722 (1134 according to the
Muslim Calendar) by Mehmed Ağa, the chief architect of
the Tulip Era, at the order of Ahmed Ağa, who was the
Navy Yard Fiduciary, The Ahmediye College is considered
to be an important complex which represents the period
between 1703 and 1730, that is called the Tulip Era in
the Ottoman Architecture and the culture history, as well
as the transition to the westernisation period after the
classical period. Though the college reflects the characteristics
of the Tulip Era architecture, the patterns of flower
bouquets in vases which ornate the tombstones inside
the fenced burial place (burial place) in the pulpit of the
mosque, are extremely remarkable with their naturalist
style, just as the patterns which can be seen on the Fountain
of Ahmed the 3rd in Uskudar, (1727-28) which was
built at the same time with the Fountain of Ahmet the
3rd (1728) in front of the Topkapı Palace. Being a comprehensive
and middle scale college, the Ahmediye College
consists of a mosque, a madrasah, (Religious school) a
classroom, a library, a water serving building and a fountain.
By the way it was built and by its characteristics, the
college is considered to adhere to the general characteristics
of the classical Ottoman architecture.
for the dates he lived in Uskudar, where he first came in 1722, see. Ayvansarâyî Huseyin
Efendi, a.g.e. , pp. 617-619. 6) For further information, see. Mehmet Nermi Haskan,
Yuzyıllar Boyunca Uskudar, (Uskudar throughout centuries) Vol. I, Istanbul 2001,
pp. 63-67. Also, for the architect of the college, see. Mehmet Nermi Haskan, a.g.e. ,
Vol. I, p. 389. 7) For more information on the period during which the madrasah was
used as a lodge, (Sheikh Mahmut Efendi Lodge) see. Mehmet Nermi Haskan, Yuzyıllar
Boyunca Uskudar, (Uskudar throughout centuries) Vol. I, Istanbul 2001, p. 406. 8)
Dr. Gulçin Erol Canca, a.g.m. , p. 195. 9) Mehmed Raif, a.g.e., p. 108. 10) For further
information, see. Mehmet Nermi Haskan, Yuzyıllar Boyunca Uskudar, (Uskudar
Throughout Centuries) Vol. II, Istanbul 2001, pp. 898-899. 11) Dr. Gulçin Erol Canca,
a.g.m. , p. 196. 12) For further information, see. Mehmet Nermi Haskan, Yuzyıllar
Boyunca Uskudar, (Uskudar Throughout Centuries) Vol. III, Istanbul 2001, p. 1037.
13) For further information, see. Mehmet Nermi Haskan, Yuzyıllar Boyunca Uskudar,
(Uskudar Throughout Centuries) Vol. III, Istanbul 2001, pp. 1207-1209. 14) For further
information, see. Mehmet Nermi Haskan, Yuzyıllar Boyunca Uskudar, (Uskudar
Throughout Centuries) Vol. II, Istanbul 2001, p. 945; Dr. Gulçin Erol Canca, a.g.m.
pp. 195-196. 15) Ord. Prof. Dr. A. Suheyl Unver, Yahya Kemal’in Dunyası, (Yahya
Kemal’s World) Tercuman Tarih ve Kultur Press, Istanbul 1980, p. 150.
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