Insects of Southern Australian Broadacre Farming Systems - Grains ...

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Acarina: Tetranychidae Bryobia mite or Clover mite (Bryobia spp.) Distinguishing characteristics/description adult 10 mm 20 30 Body flattened and dark grey-brown to fawn-orange in colour Scale-like hairs (setae) around edge of body visible under microscope Long front legs up to 1.5 times body length Eight pale orange legs in total (adults) Newly hatched mites are smaller and bright orange-red in colour with six legs in the larval stage and eight legs in the nymphal stage Distinct feeding trail damage Confused with/similar to There are over 100 species of Bryobia with at least six of these present in Australia. Bryobia mites may be confused with other mite species such as redlegged earth mites and blue oat mites. Their long forelegs are quite prominent and Bryobia mites are also lighter in colour, smaller and slower moving than other species. Distribution, pest status and risk period Unlike other broadacre mite species which are active from autumn to spring, Bryobia mites prefer the warmer months of the year. They are generally present from spring until autumn and are unlikely to be problematic in winter. Autumn-sown crops and pastures in paddocks containing summer or early autumn weeds are most at risk. Management options Crops attacked/host range Bryobia mites attack a variety of crops including canola, lupins, wheat, lucerne, vetch and clovers. Damage symptoms Mites feed on the upper surface of leaves and cotyledons and leave distinctive trails of whitish-grey spots. When young leaves are affected they become discoloured and may fail to grow. On grasses, Bryobia mite feeding can resemble that of redlegged earth mites (leaf-silvering). Monitoring/sampling Bryobia mites are active during the warmer parts of the day and may be difficult to detect during the early morning or in wet conditions. Look for mites and evidence of feeding damage in newly-sown crops and on clovers and Brassica weeds prior to sowing. Biological Cultural Chemical Unknown. Ute Guides, Southern (p. 100)/ Western (p. 77). Control of summer and early autumn weeds can prevent build up of mite populations. Rotate crops with non-preferred plant types, e.g. chickpeas and oats. There is greater risk with rotations following pastures with high clover content. Some chemicals are registered for the control of Bryobia mites. Many insecticide rates used against other mite species may be ineffective (e.g. alphacypermethrin). SECTION 4 COMMON Pest, Beneficial AND EXOTIC Species 79 Insects of Southern Australian Broadacre Farming Systems Identification Manual and Education Resource © 2012
PREDATORY MITES Acarina: Snout mites (Bdellidae), Anystidae and Mesostigmata Various species - approximately 30,850 Australian species. Generalist and residential BENEFICIAL Distinguishing characteristics/description Bdellidae adult 10 mm 20 30 Anystidae adult Mesostigmata adult Bdellidae Anystidae Mesostigmata Red bodied Insects of Southern Australian Broadacre Farming Systems Identification Manual and Education Resource © 2012 Lifecycle Incomplete metamorphosis. Many species of predatory mites have a lifecycle that coincides with pest earth mites - generally between April and December. Some species can be found throughout summer months in irrigated paddocks. They usually have many generations per year. Confused with/similar to Some predatory mites may be confused with pest earth mite species such as the redlegged earth mite and the Balaustium mite. Predatory mites are generally highly mobile (quick-moving) and have more prominent mouthparts than plant-feeding (phytophagous) pest species. 80 Very pointed snout * Well developed legs and fast moving * Usually brightly coloured Ute Guides, Southern (p. 135, 136)/ Western (p. 111, 112). SECTION 4 COMMON Pest, Beneficial and exotic Species Moves in a circular motion, hence the ‘common name’ whirly gig mite * Large mouthparts * indicates character for all species * Fused body segments (cephalothorax and abdomen) Distribution/habitat Usually brown in colour Predatory mites are common throughout most of Australia and can be found in a variety of habitats. They are more likely to be found in under-grazed pasture paddocks where there is an abundance of plant cover and large prey populations. They are also found on weeds along roadside verges where mite prey are plentiful. Pests attacked/impact on pests There are a variety of native predatory species, as well as deliberately introduced species, that are important predators. These can reduce numbers of pest mites, lucerne flea and other springtails (Collembola). There is evidence that some predatory snout mites prevent damaging outbreaks of earth mites and lucerne flea in pastures and lucerne paddocks.
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© Department 2012 Department of Pr
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Disclaimer The information provided
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Insects of Southern Australian Broa
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SECTION 1 Introduction Over 95% of
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What have I-spyed This flow chart c
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SECTION 2 Basic Insect Taxonomy, Ex
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Table 2.1 Taxonomic category Taxono
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Lifecycles and development Having a
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Important Insect Groups and Identif
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Introduction Insects of Southern Au
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Table 3.1 Mouthpart types and assoc
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Table 3.1 Mouthpart types and assoc
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Identification Keys Larval forms to
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Moth/butterfly larvae to main famil
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Beetles (adults) to main families/s
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Crop Damage Pest Identification Key
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SECTION 4 Common Pest, Beneficial a
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Groups (families) relevant to broad
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ARMYWORMS Lepidoptera: Noctuidae Co
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CUTWORMS Lepidoptera: Noctuidae Com
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Cutworm - Turnip moth (Agrotis sege
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BUDWORMS Lepidoptera: Noctuidae Nat
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Lepidoptera: Plutellidae Diamondbac
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Lepidoptera: Pyralidae Lucerne seed
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BEETLES (Order Coleoptera) Coleopte
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COCKCHAFERS Coleoptera: Scarabaeida
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Damage symptoms BH pasture cockchaf
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Confused with/similar to Larvae are
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Confused with/similar to Larvae are
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White fringed weevil Small lucerne
Page 74 and 75: LADYBIRD BEETLES Coleoptera: Coccin
Page 76 and 77: CARABID BEETLES or GROUND BEETLES C
Page 78 and 79: BUGS (Order Hemiptera) Hemiptera -
Page 80 and 81: General aphid lifecycle and biology
Page 82 and 83: CEREAL APHIDS Corn aphid (Rhopalosi
Page 84 and 85: CEREAL APHIDS Russian wheat aphid (
Page 86 and 87: CANOLA APHIDS Cabbage aphid (Brevic
Page 88 and 89: PULSE APHIDS Blue green aphid (Acyr
Page 90 and 91: Hemiptera: Scutelleridae Sunn pest
Page 92 and 93: DAMSEL BUGS OR NABIDS Hemiptera: Na
Page 94 and 95: PREDATORY BUGS Hemiptera: Heteropte
Page 96 and 97: Larvae Larvae are legless and can b
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Page 100 and 101: Eggs are laid just below the leaf s
Page 102 and 103: HOVERFLIES Diptera: Syrphidae Vario
Page 104 and 105: EARWIGS (Order Dermaptera) Dermapte
Page 106 and 107: Damage symptoms: shredded leaf tips
Page 108 and 109: SPRINGTAILS (Class Collembola) Coll
Page 110 and 111: SLUGS & SNAILS (Order Pulmonata) Ga
Page 112 and 113: Management options Thresholds for c
Page 114 and 115: Management options No thresholds es
Page 116 and 117: Crops attacked/host range Grey fiel
Page 118 and 119: Acarina: Penthaleidae Redlegged ear
Page 120 and 121: Understanding the lifecycle of pest
Page 122 and 123: Crops attacked/host range A wide ra
Page 126 and 127: WASPS, BEES & ANTS (Order Hymenopte
Page 128 and 129: Confused with/similar to These clos
Page 130 and 131: BENEFICIAL Distinguishing character
Page 132 and 133: EGG PARASITOIDS Hymenoptera: Tricho
Page 134 and 135: Bees as pollinators Bees provide a
Page 136 and 137: Lifecycle Complete metamorphosis. T
Page 138 and 139: More Information Website links DAFW
Page 140 and 141: SECTION 5 IPM Principles and Case S
Page 142 and 143: The IPM decision-making process IPM
Page 144 and 145: Biological agents GENERALIST predat
Page 146 and 147: Conservation and enhancing natural
Page 148 and 149: Table 5.1 Beneficial species common
Page 150 and 151: Host plant susceptibility and resis
Page 152 and 153: Selective insecticides The terms
Page 154 and 155: Conserving the benefits of insectic
Page 156 and 157: Step 4. What are the management opt
Page 158 and 159: Table 5.3 Pest species for which an
Page 160 and 161: Case study 2 Selective chemicals an
Page 162 and 163: Case study 4 Seed dressings protect
Page 164 and 165: 6 Monitoring, Record Keeping, Sampl
Page 166 and 167: Introduction Monitoring pest and be
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Page 172 and 173: Sending samples for identification
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• The dynamics of the pest popula
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Observer/recorder: Crop and variety
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Table 6.3 Check-list of common broa
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Table 6.4 Check-list of common pest
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Table 6.4 Check-list of common pest
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Biosecurity 7 Biosecurity
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If you see anything unusual, call t
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SECTION 8 Glossary Abdomen: the thi
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Labium: lower lip. Labrum: upper li
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References The information in this
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