Insects of Southern Australian Broadacre Farming Systems - Grains ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Bees as pollinators Bees provide a valuable service to agriculture by improving pollination and increasing crop yields, as well as being an important primary industry in the production of honey. It is often necessary to apply insecticides to flowering crops to control pests; but it is important to consider the effects on bees and take steps to reduce the risk of bee poisoning. Bees taking chemicals back to a hive can result in mass bee deaths, devastation of entire hives and contamination of the honey. Bee poisoning can occur when: • Insecticides have been used on flowering crops and foraging bees are subsequently exposed to contaminated foliage, pollen or nectar. • Insecticides have been used on crops that are not flowering, but other plants in the target area are flowering, causing bees foraging on these plants to become contaminated. • Insecticides come in direct contact with bees that are present in or flying over the target area. • Bees access water that contains insecticide residues. • Spray drift causes direct contamination of bees, hives or flowering plants. Communication between crop owners and bee keepers is key to developing a mutually acceptable chemical program and minimising the risk to bees. Photograph courtesy: Susanne Richards Good practices for beekeepers • Before placing hives, advise all adjoining crop owners and any other persons or authorities likely to be applying insecticides. • Leave adequate signage in the area, including contact details. • Place hives in sheltered areas away from crops that are likely to be treated with insecticide. Bee-friendly practices for growers • Advise beekeepers with hives in the area that you intend to spray, giving as much notice as possible (at least 48 hours) to allow time to close down or move hives for the risk period. • Choose chemicals that are less toxic to bees – carefully read all product labels (particularly ‘Protection of Livestock’ statements) to check toxicity to bees. • Avoid applying insecticides at times when bees are foraging. Consider spraying very early in the morning (low hazard/short residual chemicals only) or late in the evening after bees have stopped foraging. • Take care to avoid spray drift and contamination of water supplies. SECTION 4 COMMON Pest, Beneficial AND EXOTIC Species 89 Insects of Southern Australian Broadacre Farming Systems Identification Manual and Education Resource © 2012
LACEWINGS & ANTLIONS (Order Neuroptera) BENEFICIAL Green lacewings Chrysopidae - approximately 70 Australian species. Brown lacewings Hemerobiidae - approximately 50 Australian species. Generalist and transient Distinguishing characteristics/description green lacewing larva brown lacewing larva green lacewing adult brown lacewing adult Adult Green lacewing 10 mm 20 30 *Large compound eyes (bulging) on side of head. Eyes have a metallic sheen Brown lacewing *Long beadlike (filiform) antennae Insects of Southern Australian Broadacre Farming Systems Identification Manual and Education Resource © 2012 90 Larva Green lacewing Larvae carry dead prey material on their back *Elongated soft body SECTION 4 COMMON Pest, Beneficial and exotic Species *Two pairs of relatively equal sized, clear (membranous) wings. Numerous cross veins across entire wing surface (lace-like appearance). Wings held tent-like over body when at rest *Tapering body shape with highly mobile legs. Body covered in curved spines *Large sickleshaped mouthparts (modified jaws) projecting from the front of the head Brown lacewing * indicates character for all species
Page 2 and 3:
© Department 2012 Department of Pr
Page 4 and 5:
Disclaimer The information provided
Page 6 and 7:
Insects of Southern Australian Broa
Page 8 and 9:
SECTION 1 Introduction Over 95% of
Page 10 and 11:
What have I-spyed This flow chart c
Page 12 and 13:
SECTION 2 Basic Insect Taxonomy, Ex
Page 14 and 15:
Table 2.1 Taxonomic category Taxono
Page 16 and 17:
Lifecycles and development Having a
Page 18 and 19:
Important Insect Groups and Identif
Page 20 and 21:
Introduction Insects of Southern Au
Page 22 and 23:
Table 3.1 Mouthpart types and assoc
Page 24 and 25:
Table 3.1 Mouthpart types and assoc
Page 26 and 27:
Page 28 and 29:
Page 30 and 31:
Identification Keys Larval forms to
Page 32 and 33:
Moth/butterfly larvae to main famil
Page 34 and 35:
Beetles (adults) to main families/s
Page 36 and 37:
Crop Damage Pest Identification Key
Page 38 and 39:
Page 40 and 41:
Page 42 and 43:
Page 44 and 45:
Page 46 and 47:
SECTION 4 Common Pest, Beneficial a
Page 48 and 49:
Groups (families) relevant to broad
Page 50 and 51:
ARMYWORMS Lepidoptera: Noctuidae Co
Page 52 and 53:
CUTWORMS Lepidoptera: Noctuidae Com
Page 54 and 55:
Cutworm - Turnip moth (Agrotis sege
Page 56 and 57:
BUDWORMS Lepidoptera: Noctuidae Nat
Page 58 and 59:
Lepidoptera: Plutellidae Diamondbac
Page 60 and 61:
Lepidoptera: Pyralidae Lucerne seed
Page 62 and 63:
BEETLES (Order Coleoptera) Coleopte
Page 64 and 65:
COCKCHAFERS Coleoptera: Scarabaeida
Page 66 and 67:
Damage symptoms BH pasture cockchaf
Page 68 and 69:
Confused with/similar to Larvae are
Page 70 and 71:
Confused with/similar to Larvae are
Page 72 and 73:
White fringed weevil Small lucerne
Page 74 and 75:
LADYBIRD BEETLES Coleoptera: Coccin
Page 76 and 77:
CARABID BEETLES or GROUND BEETLES C
Page 78 and 79:
BUGS (Order Hemiptera) Hemiptera -
Page 80 and 81:
General aphid lifecycle and biology
Page 82 and 83:
CEREAL APHIDS Corn aphid (Rhopalosi
Page 84 and 85: CEREAL APHIDS Russian wheat aphid (
Page 86 and 87: CANOLA APHIDS Cabbage aphid (Brevic
Page 88 and 89: PULSE APHIDS Blue green aphid (Acyr
Page 90 and 91: Hemiptera: Scutelleridae Sunn pest
Page 92 and 93: DAMSEL BUGS OR NABIDS Hemiptera: Na
Page 94 and 95: PREDATORY BUGS Hemiptera: Heteropte
Page 96 and 97: Larvae Larvae are legless and can b
Page 98 and 99: Confused with/similar to These two
Page 100 and 101: Eggs are laid just below the leaf s
Page 102 and 103: HOVERFLIES Diptera: Syrphidae Vario
Page 104 and 105: EARWIGS (Order Dermaptera) Dermapte
Page 106 and 107: Damage symptoms: shredded leaf tips
Page 108 and 109: SPRINGTAILS (Class Collembola) Coll
Page 110 and 111: SLUGS & SNAILS (Order Pulmonata) Ga
Page 112 and 113: Management options Thresholds for c
Page 114 and 115: Management options No thresholds es
Page 116 and 117: Crops attacked/host range Grey fiel
Page 118 and 119: Acarina: Penthaleidae Redlegged ear
Page 120 and 121: Understanding the lifecycle of pest
Page 122 and 123: Crops attacked/host range A wide ra
Page 124 and 125: Acarina: Tetranychidae Bryobia mite
Page 126 and 127: WASPS, BEES & ANTS (Order Hymenopte
Page 128 and 129: Confused with/similar to These clos
Page 130 and 131: BENEFICIAL Distinguishing character
Page 132 and 133: EGG PARASITOIDS Hymenoptera: Tricho
Page 136 and 137: Lifecycle Complete metamorphosis. T
Page 138 and 139: More Information Website links DAFW
Page 140 and 141: SECTION 5 IPM Principles and Case S
Page 142 and 143: The IPM decision-making process IPM
Page 144 and 145: Biological agents GENERALIST predat
Page 146 and 147: Conservation and enhancing natural
Page 148 and 149: Table 5.1 Beneficial species common
Page 150 and 151: Host plant susceptibility and resis
Page 152 and 153: Selective insecticides The terms
Page 154 and 155: Conserving the benefits of insectic
Page 156 and 157: Step 4. What are the management opt
Page 158 and 159: Table 5.3 Pest species for which an
Page 160 and 161: Case study 2 Selective chemicals an
Page 162 and 163: Case study 4 Seed dressings protect
Page 164 and 165: 6 Monitoring, Record Keeping, Sampl
Page 166 and 167: Introduction Monitoring pest and be
Page 168 and 169: Insects of Southern Australian Broa
Page 172 and 173: Sending samples for identification
Page 176 and 177: • The dynamics of the pest popula
Page 178 and 179: Observer/recorder: Crop and variety
Page 180 and 181: Table 6.3 Check-list of common broa
Page 182 and 183: Table 6.4 Check-list of common pest
Page 184 and 185:
Table 6.4 Check-list of common pest
Page 186 and 187:
Biosecurity 7 Biosecurity
Page 188 and 189:
If you see anything unusual, call t
Page 190 and 191:
SECTION 8 Glossary Abdomen: the thi
Page 192 and 193:
Labium: lower lip. Labrum: upper li
Page 194:
References The information in this
show all

Insects of Southern Australian Broadacre Farming Systems - Grains ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?