Insects of Southern Australian Broadacre Farming Systems - Grains ...

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LADYBIRD BEETLES Coleoptera: Coccinellidae Various species - approximately 500 Australian species. Generalist and transient BENEFICIAL Distinguishing characteristics/description larva 10 mm 20 30 40 50 adult Larva Pupa Adult Elongated and tapered at rear Grey-black with orange-yellow markings across body. May have spines or white fluffy material Black ladybird Rhyzobius sp. Well-developed blackish legs White-collared ladybird Hippodamia variegata Well-developed mandibulate mouthparts Colour and pattern variations of different species Striped ladybird Microspis sp. Common spotted ladybird Harmonia conformia Transparent hindwing concealed underneath elytra (forewing). Patterns of black over red, orange or yellow Minute two-spotted ladybird Diomus notescens Transverse ladybird Coccinella transversalis SECTION 4 COMMON Pest, Beneficial AND EXOTIC Species Round to oval shaped 29 Insects of Southern Australian Broadacre Farming Systems Identification Manual and Education Resource © 2012
There are numerous species, but three species commonly found are the white collared ladybird, the common spotted ladybird and the transverse ladybird. Adults are round to oval shaped, with black spots on red, orange or yellow shells. Larvae have grey/black elongated bodies with orange markings and may be covered in spines or white fluffy wax material. Ladybird eggs are generally yellow, spindle ‘football’ -shaped and laid standing on end in clusters on plants. Lifecycle Complete metamorphosis. Ladybird beetles can be found throughout the year. The highest numbers are observed in spring to early summer when they can undergo several generations. Each generation takes approximately one month (depending on the species) under ideal conditions. Female ladybird beetles can lay up to 200-1000 eggs in a lifetime, which may span several months. Confused with/similar to The larger more colourful (contrasting patterns/spots) ladybird adults are readily identifiable but smaller drab species can be confused with other oval-shaped beetles such as leaf beetles (Chrysomelidae). Distribution/habitat Ladybirds are common throughout Australia and can be found in almost all habitats, particularly in canola and wheat crops during spring, where there has been a large build-up of aphids. They may also be seen on some native vegetation and in domestic gardens. They are most prevalent in spring and seen occasionally in autumn when large populations move to areas rich in prey. Pests attacked/impact on pests Most ladybird adults and larvae are predatory and prey on a range of pests including aphids, leafhoppers, thrips, mites, moth eggs and small larvae. They are particularly voracious feeders on aphids and in some seasons the increase in ladybird populations (often in combination with lacewings and other beneficial insects) will be sufficient to keep aphid numbers below economically damaging levels. Many adults supplement their diet with pollen and a sugar source (e.g. nectar). Ute Guides, Southern (pp. 132-133)/Western (pp. 106-107). Insects of Southern Australian Broadacre Farming Systems Identification Manual and Education Resource © 2012 Predatory ladybirds can be confused with the 28-spot ladybird (Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata), which is a large (8 mm) leaf-eating pest species found in horticultural areas, but rarely seen in broadacre. 30 SECTION 4 COMMON Pest, Beneficial and exotic Species
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© Department 2012 Department of Pr
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Disclaimer The information provided
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Insects of Southern Australian Broa
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SECTION 1 Introduction Over 95% of
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What have I-spyed This flow chart c
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SECTION 2 Basic Insect Taxonomy, Ex
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Table 2.1 Taxonomic category Taxono
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Lifecycles and development Having a
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Important Insect Groups and Identif
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Introduction Insects of Southern Au
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Table 3.1 Mouthpart types and assoc
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Page 26 and 27: Insects of Southern Australian Broa
Page 30 and 31: Identification Keys Larval forms to
Page 32 and 33: Moth/butterfly larvae to main famil
Page 34 and 35: Beetles (adults) to main families/s
Page 36 and 37: Crop Damage Pest Identification Key
Page 46 and 47: SECTION 4 Common Pest, Beneficial a
Page 48 and 49: Groups (families) relevant to broad
Page 50 and 51: ARMYWORMS Lepidoptera: Noctuidae Co
Page 52 and 53: CUTWORMS Lepidoptera: Noctuidae Com
Page 54 and 55: Cutworm - Turnip moth (Agrotis sege
Page 56 and 57: BUDWORMS Lepidoptera: Noctuidae Nat
Page 58 and 59: Lepidoptera: Plutellidae Diamondbac
Page 60 and 61: Lepidoptera: Pyralidae Lucerne seed
Page 62 and 63: BEETLES (Order Coleoptera) Coleopte
Page 64 and 65: COCKCHAFERS Coleoptera: Scarabaeida
Page 66 and 67: Damage symptoms BH pasture cockchaf
Page 68 and 69: Confused with/similar to Larvae are
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Page 72 and 73: White fringed weevil Small lucerne
Page 76 and 77: CARABID BEETLES or GROUND BEETLES C
Page 78 and 79: BUGS (Order Hemiptera) Hemiptera -
Page 80 and 81: General aphid lifecycle and biology
Page 82 and 83: CEREAL APHIDS Corn aphid (Rhopalosi
Page 84 and 85: CEREAL APHIDS Russian wheat aphid (
Page 86 and 87: CANOLA APHIDS Cabbage aphid (Brevic
Page 88 and 89: PULSE APHIDS Blue green aphid (Acyr
Page 90 and 91: Hemiptera: Scutelleridae Sunn pest
Page 92 and 93: DAMSEL BUGS OR NABIDS Hemiptera: Na
Page 94 and 95: PREDATORY BUGS Hemiptera: Heteropte
Page 96 and 97: Larvae Larvae are legless and can b
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Page 100 and 101: Eggs are laid just below the leaf s
Page 102 and 103: HOVERFLIES Diptera: Syrphidae Vario
Page 104 and 105: EARWIGS (Order Dermaptera) Dermapte
Page 106 and 107: Damage symptoms: shredded leaf tips
Page 108 and 109: SPRINGTAILS (Class Collembola) Coll
Page 110 and 111: SLUGS & SNAILS (Order Pulmonata) Ga
Page 112 and 113: Management options Thresholds for c
Page 114 and 115: Management options No thresholds es
Page 116 and 117: Crops attacked/host range Grey fiel
Page 118 and 119: Acarina: Penthaleidae Redlegged ear
Page 120 and 121: Understanding the lifecycle of pest
Page 122 and 123: Crops attacked/host range A wide ra
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Acarina: Tetranychidae Bryobia mite
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WASPS, BEES & ANTS (Order Hymenopte
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Confused with/similar to These clos
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BENEFICIAL Distinguishing character
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EGG PARASITOIDS Hymenoptera: Tricho
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Bees as pollinators Bees provide a
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Lifecycle Complete metamorphosis. T
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More Information Website links DAFW
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SECTION 5 IPM Principles and Case S
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The IPM decision-making process IPM
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Biological agents GENERALIST predat
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Conservation and enhancing natural
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Table 5.1 Beneficial species common
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Host plant susceptibility and resis
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Selective insecticides The terms
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Conserving the benefits of insectic
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Step 4. What are the management opt
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Table 5.3 Pest species for which an
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Case study 2 Selective chemicals an
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Case study 4 Seed dressings protect
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6 Monitoring, Record Keeping, Sampl
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Introduction Monitoring pest and be
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Sending samples for identification
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• The dynamics of the pest popula
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Observer/recorder: Crop and variety
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Table 6.3 Check-list of common broa
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Table 6.4 Check-list of common pest
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Table 6.4 Check-list of common pest
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Biosecurity 7 Biosecurity
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If you see anything unusual, call t
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SECTION 8 Glossary Abdomen: the thi
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Labium: lower lip. Labrum: upper li
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References The information in this
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