Insects of Southern Australian Broadacre Farming Systems - Grains ...

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Step 4. What are the management options Consider a range of management options that include pre-season actions such as destroying weeds that host pests between seasons, sometimes known as the ‘green bridge’ (see p 10 this section). Make sure you can identify the pest and the relevant beneficial species in the field. Know what insecticides work best, their availability, and the economic threshold (see p 9, section 6) for spraying. Think about cultural control options including grazing pastures and the timing of crop harvest (see p 11 this section). Step 5. Gain commitment from participants Make sure all growers are committed to the plan and feel confident in the actions they need to take. It may help to ask your local district agronomist (DA) or trusted consultant to coordinate the group’s activities. Plan a monitoring strategy that is simple to use and discuss how results will be communicated to the group. Step 6. Monitoring, recording and communicating throughout the season As the season progresses catch up regularly to let each other know how it’s going. At the end of the season get together and reflect on the season and discuss what worked and what could be improved. AWM examples 1. Green peach aphid (see p 41, section 4) is a highly mobile species that can move rapidly into a region and has shown resistance to insecticides. The objective of an AWM plan in your region may be to reduce the populations of over-summering aphids on weeds and slow the spread of resistance. Before the season starts get together as a group and map out the likely locations of crops at risk (canola and pulse crops). Determine if resistance is present in your region and to what chemicals (you may need to send samples to your Department of Agriculture or Primary Industries). Clarify the identification of this species as it can easily be confused with other aphid species. Assess the over-summering weather conditions and, if and where, a ‘green bridge’ is present. Before planting discuss how the group will communicate during the season and plan some management options (see p 44, section 4 ). During the season monitor and record as planned, and compare pest levels to thresholds of economic injury. Keep regular contact with the group and share information on where you do and don’t see aphids and if beneficial species are present and active. If pest levels reach threshold, hence a spray is required, use a selective insecticide that doesn’t disrupt beneficial species. Before spraying, check the mode of action, and develop a plan for rotating different chemical groups throughout the season. After applying an insecticide, monitor to assess if the spray(s) worked, and watch for ‘flaring’ of secondary pests. 2. Native budworm (see p 11, section 4) is a pest that migrates from inland Australia into agricultural regions and its life-cycle is well known. The larvae cause damage to pulses and canola but will also damage other crops and pastures as it feeds on a wide variety of host plants. When developing an AWM plan for this species, (in addition to the steps detailed in example 1) you could use pheromone traps (see p 6, section 6) to monitor for influxes. Traps are placed across a wide area and checked weekly. The information is communicated to the AWM group (or to a pest alert service such the PestFax/ PestFacts services) where all trap information is collated and disseminated to subscribers. This is a great early-warning system, and can signal the need for more frequent monitoring for the larval stages that are most damaging. Crop monitoring to determine whether the pest has reached threshold can be conducted using a sweep net (see p 5, section 6). SECTION 5 IPM Principles and Case Studies 17 Insects of Southern Australian Broadacre Farming Systems Identification Manual and Education Resource © 2012
Figure 5.3. Diagram illustrating the concept of AWM. A. indicates a hypothetical pest outbreak. B. indicates a situation where a pest is controlled on a paddock-by-paddock basis. C. indicates AWM where all habitat-patches are controlled in a co-ordinated fashion. Insects of Southern Australian Broadacre Farming Systems Identification Manual and Education Resource © 2012 Figure 5.4 How IPM and AWM work together to achieve pest management at larger scales (Source: L. Wilson, pers. comm.). 18 Field Farm Groups Region SECTION 5 IPM Principles and Case Studies IPM IPM Groups AWM
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© Department 2012 Department of Pr
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Disclaimer The information provided
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Insects of Southern Australian Broa
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SECTION 1 Introduction Over 95% of
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What have I-spyed This flow chart c
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SECTION 2 Basic Insect Taxonomy, Ex
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Table 2.1 Taxonomic category Taxono
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Lifecycles and development Having a
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Important Insect Groups and Identif
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Introduction Insects of Southern Au
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Table 3.1 Mouthpart types and assoc
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Table 3.1 Mouthpart types and assoc
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Identification Keys Larval forms to
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Moth/butterfly larvae to main famil
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Beetles (adults) to main families/s
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Crop Damage Pest Identification Key
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SECTION 4 Common Pest, Beneficial a
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Groups (families) relevant to broad
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ARMYWORMS Lepidoptera: Noctuidae Co
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CUTWORMS Lepidoptera: Noctuidae Com
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Cutworm - Turnip moth (Agrotis sege
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BUDWORMS Lepidoptera: Noctuidae Nat
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Lepidoptera: Plutellidae Diamondbac
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Lepidoptera: Pyralidae Lucerne seed
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BEETLES (Order Coleoptera) Coleopte
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COCKCHAFERS Coleoptera: Scarabaeida
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Damage symptoms BH pasture cockchaf
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Confused with/similar to Larvae are
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Confused with/similar to Larvae are
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White fringed weevil Small lucerne
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LADYBIRD BEETLES Coleoptera: Coccin
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CARABID BEETLES or GROUND BEETLES C
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BUGS (Order Hemiptera) Hemiptera -
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General aphid lifecycle and biology
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CEREAL APHIDS Corn aphid (Rhopalosi
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CEREAL APHIDS Russian wheat aphid (
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CANOLA APHIDS Cabbage aphid (Brevic
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PULSE APHIDS Blue green aphid (Acyr
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Hemiptera: Scutelleridae Sunn pest
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DAMSEL BUGS OR NABIDS Hemiptera: Na
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PREDATORY BUGS Hemiptera: Heteropte
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Larvae Larvae are legless and can b
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Confused with/similar to These two
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Eggs are laid just below the leaf s
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HOVERFLIES Diptera: Syrphidae Vario
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EARWIGS (Order Dermaptera) Dermapte
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Page 114 and 115: Management options No thresholds es
Page 116 and 117: Crops attacked/host range Grey fiel
Page 118 and 119: Acarina: Penthaleidae Redlegged ear
Page 120 and 121: Understanding the lifecycle of pest
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Page 124 and 125: Acarina: Tetranychidae Bryobia mite
Page 126 and 127: WASPS, BEES & ANTS (Order Hymenopte
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Page 130 and 131: BENEFICIAL Distinguishing character
Page 132 and 133: EGG PARASITOIDS Hymenoptera: Tricho
Page 134 and 135: Bees as pollinators Bees provide a
Page 136 and 137: Lifecycle Complete metamorphosis. T
Page 138 and 139: More Information Website links DAFW
Page 140 and 141: SECTION 5 IPM Principles and Case S
Page 142 and 143: The IPM decision-making process IPM
Page 144 and 145: Biological agents GENERALIST predat
Page 146 and 147: Conservation and enhancing natural
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Page 150 and 151: Host plant susceptibility and resis
Page 152 and 153: Selective insecticides The terms
Page 154 and 155: Conserving the benefits of insectic
Page 158 and 159: Table 5.3 Pest species for which an
Page 160 and 161: Case study 2 Selective chemicals an
Page 162 and 163: Case study 4 Seed dressings protect
Page 164 and 165: 6 Monitoring, Record Keeping, Sampl
Page 166 and 167: Introduction Monitoring pest and be
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Page 172 and 173: Sending samples for identification
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Page 178 and 179: Observer/recorder: Crop and variety
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Page 182 and 183: Table 6.4 Check-list of common pest
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Page 186 and 187: Biosecurity 7 Biosecurity
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Page 190 and 191: SECTION 8 Glossary Abdomen: the thi
Page 192 and 193: Labium: lower lip. Labrum: upper li
Page 194: References The information in this
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