Insects of Southern Australian Broadacre Farming Systems - Grains ...

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CARABID BEETLES or GROUND BEETLES Coleoptera: Carabidae Various species - approximately 2,500 Australian species. Generalist and residential BENEFICIAL Distinguishing characteristics/description larva adult 10 mm 20 30 40 50 a few species can be larger Larva Large welldeveloped mouthparts directed forward Well developed legs Semi-flattened, cream to brown body with a darker head region Two long hair-like processes projecting from last body segment Adult Rows/striations running along elytra (wing covers) Transparent hindwing concealed underneath elytra Well-developed and long legs Colour and pattern variations of different species ‘Hot water bottle’ body shape – distinct constriction Bulging eyes Large welldeveloped mouthparts protruding forward SECTION 4 COMMON Pest, Beneficial AND EXOTIC Species 31 Insects of Southern Australian Broadacre Farming Systems Identification Manual and Education Resource © 2012
Most species are soil-dwelling and move rapidly. Lifecycle Complete metamorphosis. There are many different species and their lifecycles can differ greatly. Most species have a one or two year lifecycle. Some breed in late summer and autumn and then hibernate as larvae through winter. Others hibernate as adults and reproduce in spring or early summer, after which the beetles usually die off, and a new generation appears in autumn. Confused with/similar to All carabids can be distinguished by their large mouthparts that are directed forward. Larvae may be mistaken for larvae of true wireworms (Elateridae) or false wireworms (Tenebrionidae) as they are similar in shape and soil-dwelling. However, carabid larvae have very prominent mouthparts in keeping with their predatory lifestyle. They also have processes projecting from their last abdominal segment, which are hair-like in structure and usually longer than those in true and false wireworms. Distribution/habitat Carabid beetles are widespread across Australia. Many species are nocturnal and can only be found during the day under tree bark, logs or among rocks. Some species have been found to increase in numbers in paddocks practicing minimum/no-till and stubble retention. Refuges (beetle banks) are considered beneficial in fostering carabids to help control pests in broadacre crops. Pests attacked/impact on pests Adults and larvae both feed mostly on ground-dwelling invertebrates. This includes a wide range of soft-bodied pests including wireworms, cockchafers, caterpillars, earwigs and slugs. Most carabid species are useful in suppressing pest populations, while a small number also feed on plant vegetation. Ute Guides, Southern (p. 139)/ Western (p. 115). Insects of Southern Australian Broadacre Farming Systems Identification Manual and Education Resource © 2012 Carabid beetles are also often confused with true and false wireworm beetles. Many adults have a characteristic flattened ‘hot water bottle’–shaped body, with pitted groove lines running along the wing covers. They also possess large bulging eyes. Some carabid beetles such as Calosoma spp. are conspicuous due to their bright metallic green colour. Carabid beetles usually move faster than wireworms and can be shinier. 32 SECTION 4 COMMON Pest, Beneficial and exotic Species
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© Department 2012 Department of Pr
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Disclaimer The information provided
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Insects of Southern Australian Broa
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SECTION 1 Introduction Over 95% of
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What have I-spyed This flow chart c
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SECTION 2 Basic Insect Taxonomy, Ex
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Table 2.1 Taxonomic category Taxono
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Lifecycles and development Having a
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Important Insect Groups and Identif
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Introduction Insects of Southern Au
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Table 3.1 Mouthpart types and assoc
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Table 3.1 Mouthpart types and assoc
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Page 30 and 31: Identification Keys Larval forms to
Page 32 and 33: Moth/butterfly larvae to main famil
Page 34 and 35: Beetles (adults) to main families/s
Page 36 and 37: Crop Damage Pest Identification Key
Page 46 and 47: SECTION 4 Common Pest, Beneficial a
Page 48 and 49: Groups (families) relevant to broad
Page 50 and 51: ARMYWORMS Lepidoptera: Noctuidae Co
Page 52 and 53: CUTWORMS Lepidoptera: Noctuidae Com
Page 54 and 55: Cutworm - Turnip moth (Agrotis sege
Page 56 and 57: BUDWORMS Lepidoptera: Noctuidae Nat
Page 58 and 59: Lepidoptera: Plutellidae Diamondbac
Page 60 and 61: Lepidoptera: Pyralidae Lucerne seed
Page 62 and 63: BEETLES (Order Coleoptera) Coleopte
Page 64 and 65: COCKCHAFERS Coleoptera: Scarabaeida
Page 66 and 67: Damage symptoms BH pasture cockchaf
Page 68 and 69: Confused with/similar to Larvae are
Page 70 and 71: Confused with/similar to Larvae are
Page 72 and 73: White fringed weevil Small lucerne
Page 74 and 75: LADYBIRD BEETLES Coleoptera: Coccin
Page 78 and 79: BUGS (Order Hemiptera) Hemiptera -
Page 80 and 81: General aphid lifecycle and biology
Page 82 and 83: CEREAL APHIDS Corn aphid (Rhopalosi
Page 84 and 85: CEREAL APHIDS Russian wheat aphid (
Page 86 and 87: CANOLA APHIDS Cabbage aphid (Brevic
Page 88 and 89: PULSE APHIDS Blue green aphid (Acyr
Page 90 and 91: Hemiptera: Scutelleridae Sunn pest
Page 92 and 93: DAMSEL BUGS OR NABIDS Hemiptera: Na
Page 94 and 95: PREDATORY BUGS Hemiptera: Heteropte
Page 96 and 97: Larvae Larvae are legless and can b
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Page 100 and 101: Eggs are laid just below the leaf s
Page 102 and 103: HOVERFLIES Diptera: Syrphidae Vario
Page 104 and 105: EARWIGS (Order Dermaptera) Dermapte
Page 106 and 107: Damage symptoms: shredded leaf tips
Page 108 and 109: SPRINGTAILS (Class Collembola) Coll
Page 110 and 111: SLUGS & SNAILS (Order Pulmonata) Ga
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Page 114 and 115: Management options No thresholds es
Page 116 and 117: Crops attacked/host range Grey fiel
Page 118 and 119: Acarina: Penthaleidae Redlegged ear
Page 120 and 121: Understanding the lifecycle of pest
Page 122 and 123: Crops attacked/host range A wide ra
Page 124 and 125: Acarina: Tetranychidae Bryobia mite
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WASPS, BEES & ANTS (Order Hymenopte
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Confused with/similar to These clos
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BENEFICIAL Distinguishing character
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EGG PARASITOIDS Hymenoptera: Tricho
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Bees as pollinators Bees provide a
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Lifecycle Complete metamorphosis. T
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More Information Website links DAFW
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SECTION 5 IPM Principles and Case S
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The IPM decision-making process IPM
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Biological agents GENERALIST predat
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Conservation and enhancing natural
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Table 5.1 Beneficial species common
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Host plant susceptibility and resis
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Selective insecticides The terms
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Conserving the benefits of insectic
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Step 4. What are the management opt
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Table 5.3 Pest species for which an
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Case study 2 Selective chemicals an
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Case study 4 Seed dressings protect
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6 Monitoring, Record Keeping, Sampl
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Introduction Monitoring pest and be
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Sending samples for identification
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• The dynamics of the pest popula
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Observer/recorder: Crop and variety
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Table 6.3 Check-list of common broa
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Table 6.4 Check-list of common pest
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Table 6.4 Check-list of common pest
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Biosecurity 7 Biosecurity
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If you see anything unusual, call t
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SECTION 8 Glossary Abdomen: the thi
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Labium: lower lip. Labrum: upper li
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References The information in this
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