Insects of Southern Australian Broadacre Farming Systems - Grains ...

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BEETLES (Order Coleoptera) Coleoptera - sheath (koleos); wing (ptera) Beetles are the largest order of insects, including about one quarter of all the known insects in the world. There are around 28,200 described beetle species in Australia, divided into 113 families. Main characteristics Larva There are four major morphological types of larvae; eruciform, scarabaeiform, campodeiform and apodous (see p. 18). All have chewing (mandibulate) mouthparts and a hardened (sclerotised) head capsule. Many larval stages are considered to be the pest phase of beetles. Three pairs of legs (with the exception of weevil larvae) are present. The absence of prolegs with crotchets (specialised hooks) distinguishes beetle larvae from moth larvae. Adult Forewings are hardened into sheath-like wing covers (elytra) and they have a hardened body. All have chewing (mandibulate) mouthparts. Lifecycle Complete metamorphosis. Groups (families) relevant to broadacre cropping Cockchafers and dung beetles (F: Scarabaeidae): Mixed group with some larval pests and adult beneficials. Some adults are also pests. All larval stages are curl grubs, ‘C’- shaped larvae. Cockchafers are covered in detail in this section on page 19. True wireworms or click beetles (F: Elateridae): These soil dwelling larval pests are covered in detail in this section on page 22. False wireworms (F: Tenebrionidae): These soil-dwelling larval pests are covered in detail in this section on page 24. Weevils (F: Curculionidae): Adults have a snout (rostrum). All weevil larval stages are legless (apodous) and maggot-like in shape. Both adults and larvae can be damaging to plants. Weevils are covered together in this section on page 26. Bruchid/seed beetles (F: Chrysomelidae): Pest in the larval stage. The pea weevil (Bruchus pisorum) belongs in this family but it is not a true weevil, not having a weevil snout. This introduced pest beetle is one of a number of common worldwide pests in field pea and bean growing areas. This pest has an interesting lifecycle with the larvae beginning life in the growing pod and completing it in the dry seed. For further information on pea weevil refer to Ute Guides, Southern (p.55)/Western (p.44). Ladybirds (F: Coccinellidae): These predatory beetles are covered in detail in this section on page 29. Ground beetles (F: Carabidae): These predatory beetles are covered in detail in this section on page 31. SECTION 4 COMMON Pest, Beneficial AND EXOTIC Species 17 Insects of Southern Australian Broadacre Farming Systems Identification Manual and Education Resource © 2012
Eruciform Scarabaeiform Campodeiform Apodous Source: Modified from CSIRO (1991) Cylindrical elongated body. Short legs. Head & mouthparts oriented downwards. Less active and mobile. ‘C’ - shaped body. Relatively short functional legs. Swollen lower abdomen. Tapering body. Well-developed legs. Large mouthparts directed forward. Highly mobile and active. Legless. Reduced mouthparts and antennae. Adapted to living in confined spaces. Insects of Southern Australian Broadacre Farming Systems Identification Manual and Education Resource © 2012 Groups False wireworms (Tenebrionidae) True wireworms (Elateridae) Many non-target species 18 Groups Cockchafers and dung beetles (Scarabaeidae) SECTION 4 COMMON Pest, Beneficial and exotic Species Groups Ladybirds (Coccinellidae) Carabids (Carabidae) Rove beetles (Staphylinidae) Groups Weevils (Curculionidae)
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© Department 2012 Department of Pr
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Disclaimer The information provided
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Insects of Southern Australian Broa
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SECTION 1 Introduction Over 95% of
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What have I-spyed This flow chart c
Page 12 and 13: SECTION 2 Basic Insect Taxonomy, Ex
Page 14 and 15: Table 2.1 Taxonomic category Taxono
Page 16 and 17: Lifecycles and development Having a
Page 18 and 19: Important Insect Groups and Identif
Page 20 and 21: Introduction Insects of Southern Au
Page 22 and 23: Table 3.1 Mouthpart types and assoc
Page 24 and 25: Table 3.1 Mouthpart types and assoc
Page 26 and 27: Insects of Southern Australian Broa
Page 30 and 31: Identification Keys Larval forms to
Page 32 and 33: Moth/butterfly larvae to main famil
Page 34 and 35: Beetles (adults) to main families/s
Page 36 and 37: Crop Damage Pest Identification Key
Page 46 and 47: SECTION 4 Common Pest, Beneficial a
Page 48 and 49: Groups (families) relevant to broad
Page 50 and 51: ARMYWORMS Lepidoptera: Noctuidae Co
Page 52 and 53: CUTWORMS Lepidoptera: Noctuidae Com
Page 54 and 55: Cutworm - Turnip moth (Agrotis sege
Page 56 and 57: BUDWORMS Lepidoptera: Noctuidae Nat
Page 58 and 59: Lepidoptera: Plutellidae Diamondbac
Page 60 and 61: Lepidoptera: Pyralidae Lucerne seed
Page 64 and 65: COCKCHAFERS Coleoptera: Scarabaeida
Page 66 and 67: Damage symptoms BH pasture cockchaf
Page 68 and 69: Confused with/similar to Larvae are
Page 70 and 71: Confused with/similar to Larvae are
Page 72 and 73: White fringed weevil Small lucerne
Page 74 and 75: LADYBIRD BEETLES Coleoptera: Coccin
Page 76 and 77: CARABID BEETLES or GROUND BEETLES C
Page 78 and 79: BUGS (Order Hemiptera) Hemiptera -
Page 80 and 81: General aphid lifecycle and biology
Page 82 and 83: CEREAL APHIDS Corn aphid (Rhopalosi
Page 84 and 85: CEREAL APHIDS Russian wheat aphid (
Page 86 and 87: CANOLA APHIDS Cabbage aphid (Brevic
Page 88 and 89: PULSE APHIDS Blue green aphid (Acyr
Page 90 and 91: Hemiptera: Scutelleridae Sunn pest
Page 92 and 93: DAMSEL BUGS OR NABIDS Hemiptera: Na
Page 94 and 95: PREDATORY BUGS Hemiptera: Heteropte
Page 96 and 97: Larvae Larvae are legless and can b
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Page 100 and 101: Eggs are laid just below the leaf s
Page 102 and 103: HOVERFLIES Diptera: Syrphidae Vario
Page 104 and 105: EARWIGS (Order Dermaptera) Dermapte
Page 106 and 107: Damage symptoms: shredded leaf tips
Page 108 and 109: SPRINGTAILS (Class Collembola) Coll
Page 110 and 111: SLUGS & SNAILS (Order Pulmonata) Ga
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Management options Thresholds for c
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Management options No thresholds es
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Crops attacked/host range Grey fiel
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Acarina: Penthaleidae Redlegged ear
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Understanding the lifecycle of pest
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Crops attacked/host range A wide ra
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Acarina: Tetranychidae Bryobia mite
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WASPS, BEES & ANTS (Order Hymenopte
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Confused with/similar to These clos
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BENEFICIAL Distinguishing character
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EGG PARASITOIDS Hymenoptera: Tricho
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Bees as pollinators Bees provide a
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Lifecycle Complete metamorphosis. T
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More Information Website links DAFW
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SECTION 5 IPM Principles and Case S
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The IPM decision-making process IPM
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Biological agents GENERALIST predat
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Conservation and enhancing natural
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Table 5.1 Beneficial species common
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Host plant susceptibility and resis
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Selective insecticides The terms
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Conserving the benefits of insectic
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Step 4. What are the management opt
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Table 5.3 Pest species for which an
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Case study 2 Selective chemicals an
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Case study 4 Seed dressings protect
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6 Monitoring, Record Keeping, Sampl
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Introduction Monitoring pest and be
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Sending samples for identification
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• The dynamics of the pest popula
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Observer/recorder: Crop and variety
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Table 6.3 Check-list of common broa
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Table 6.4 Check-list of common pest
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Table 6.4 Check-list of common pest
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Biosecurity 7 Biosecurity
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If you see anything unusual, call t
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SECTION 8 Glossary Abdomen: the thi
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Labium: lower lip. Labrum: upper li
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References The information in this
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