Insects of Southern Australian Broadacre Farming Systems - Grains ...

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PULSE APHIDS Blue green aphid (Acyrthosiphon kondoi), Pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum), Cowpea aphid (Aphis craccivora) and Green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) Distinguishing characteristics/description Blue green aphid adult Pea aphid adult Cowpea aphid adult 10 mm 20 30 Blue green aphid Pea aphid Long antennae Dark joints on antennae segments Very long siphuncles (relative to pea aphid) Blue-green to grey-green in colour Blackish knee joints Yellow-green or pinkish in colour Cowpea aphid Confused with/similar to Adults black in colour Nymphs dull grey in colour Black and white banding on the legs (for all growth stages) For green peach aphid characteristics see canola aphids. Can be confused with other pulse and canola aphids. Currently there are no aphid biosecurity threats for pulses. Distribution, pest status and risk period Pulse aphids are common in winter and spring and are usually found on the upper part of the plants, particularly growing points. Virus management is critical for disease-prone areas (see monitoring/sampling overleaf) as these pulse aphids can transmit plant viruses and diseases. SECTION 4 COMMON Pest, Beneficial AND EXOTIC Species 43 Insects of Southern Australian Broadacre Farming Systems Identification Manual and Education Resource © 2012
Crops attacked/host range These aphids are commonly found on all pulses including field peas, lupins, lentils, faba beans and other legumes. Blue green aphids are also found on annual medic, subterranean clover pastures and vetch. Damage symptoms Aphids can cause direct feeding damage to plants when in large numbers as they remove sap, which can cause wilting of plants. Aphids also cause indirect damage by spreading plant viruses that they take up and pass on when sucking sap from infected plants and then feeding on uninfected plants. Heavy infestations deform leaves, growing points and stunt plants. At flowering, heavy infestations can lead to large amounts of honeydew and black sooty mould. Monitoring/sampling Direct visual searches and counts, sweeping netting, yellow sticky traps or yellow pan traps (can assist in early aphid detection). For disease-prone areas (high rainfall), regular monitoring for virus management is critical in pulses. Minimising the virus source, sowing seed that is virusfree, managing crop agronomy (to reduce aphid landing sites) and monitoring for early detection are some key management strategies. Regular monitoring for aphids should start in autumn and continue through to early spring with several checks a week at the most vulnerable crop stage (bud formation to late flowering). Check at least five points over the entire paddock including representative parts. Visually search for aphids on a minimum of 20 plants at each point and count the number of plants infested with aphids. If more than 20% of plants are infested, control measures should be considered to avoid yield losses. Management options Biological Cultural Chemical Insects of Southern Australian Broadacre Farming Systems Identification Manual and Education Resource © 2012 Hover fly, lacewing larvae and ladybirds are effective predators and can help suppress populations. Aphid parasitoid wasps (evident by the presence of ‘mummies’). Ute Guides, Southern (pp. 75-78)/Western (pp. 54, 57, 58, 60). 44 SECTION 4 COMMON Pest, Beneficial and exotic Species Implementing early summer weed control on your property where aphids build up on alternate host plants (e.g. broad leaf weeds). Sow crops early where possible to enable plants to begin flowering before aphid numbers peak. Select cultivars that are less susceptible to aphid feeding damage. Ensuring rapid development of dense crop canopy so that bare ground is covered will assist in deterring aphid landings. Narrow rows with high seeding rates can assist. Selective foliar spray (e.g. pirimicarb). Seed treatments. Border spraying (autumn/early winter) when aphids begin to colonise crop edges may provide sufficient control. Insecticide resistance is common in many Green peach aphid populations. Chemical rotation of insecticide groups will reduce the onset of resistance.
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© Department 2012 Department of Pr
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Disclaimer The information provided
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Insects of Southern Australian Broa
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SECTION 1 Introduction Over 95% of
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What have I-spyed This flow chart c
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SECTION 2 Basic Insect Taxonomy, Ex
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Table 2.1 Taxonomic category Taxono
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Lifecycles and development Having a
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Important Insect Groups and Identif
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Introduction Insects of Southern Au
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Table 3.1 Mouthpart types and assoc
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Table 3.1 Mouthpart types and assoc
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Identification Keys Larval forms to
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Moth/butterfly larvae to main famil
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Beetles (adults) to main families/s
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Crop Damage Pest Identification Key
Page 38 and 39: Crop Damage Pest Identification Key
Page 44 and 45: Insects of Southern Australian Broa
Page 46 and 47: SECTION 4 Common Pest, Beneficial a
Page 48 and 49: Groups (families) relevant to broad
Page 50 and 51: ARMYWORMS Lepidoptera: Noctuidae Co
Page 52 and 53: CUTWORMS Lepidoptera: Noctuidae Com
Page 54 and 55: Cutworm - Turnip moth (Agrotis sege
Page 56 and 57: BUDWORMS Lepidoptera: Noctuidae Nat
Page 58 and 59: Lepidoptera: Plutellidae Diamondbac
Page 60 and 61: Lepidoptera: Pyralidae Lucerne seed
Page 62 and 63: BEETLES (Order Coleoptera) Coleopte
Page 64 and 65: COCKCHAFERS Coleoptera: Scarabaeida
Page 66 and 67: Damage symptoms BH pasture cockchaf
Page 68 and 69: Confused with/similar to Larvae are
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Page 72 and 73: White fringed weevil Small lucerne
Page 74 and 75: LADYBIRD BEETLES Coleoptera: Coccin
Page 76 and 77: CARABID BEETLES or GROUND BEETLES C
Page 78 and 79: BUGS (Order Hemiptera) Hemiptera -
Page 80 and 81: General aphid lifecycle and biology
Page 82 and 83: CEREAL APHIDS Corn aphid (Rhopalosi
Page 84 and 85: CEREAL APHIDS Russian wheat aphid (
Page 86 and 87: CANOLA APHIDS Cabbage aphid (Brevic
Page 90 and 91: Hemiptera: Scutelleridae Sunn pest
Page 92 and 93: DAMSEL BUGS OR NABIDS Hemiptera: Na
Page 94 and 95: PREDATORY BUGS Hemiptera: Heteropte
Page 96 and 97: Larvae Larvae are legless and can b
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Page 100 and 101: Eggs are laid just below the leaf s
Page 102 and 103: HOVERFLIES Diptera: Syrphidae Vario
Page 104 and 105: EARWIGS (Order Dermaptera) Dermapte
Page 106 and 107: Damage symptoms: shredded leaf tips
Page 108 and 109: SPRINGTAILS (Class Collembola) Coll
Page 110 and 111: SLUGS & SNAILS (Order Pulmonata) Ga
Page 112 and 113: Management options Thresholds for c
Page 114 and 115: Management options No thresholds es
Page 116 and 117: Crops attacked/host range Grey fiel
Page 118 and 119: Acarina: Penthaleidae Redlegged ear
Page 120 and 121: Understanding the lifecycle of pest
Page 122 and 123: Crops attacked/host range A wide ra
Page 124 and 125: Acarina: Tetranychidae Bryobia mite
Page 126 and 127: WASPS, BEES & ANTS (Order Hymenopte
Page 128 and 129: Confused with/similar to These clos
Page 130 and 131: BENEFICIAL Distinguishing character
Page 132 and 133: EGG PARASITOIDS Hymenoptera: Tricho
Page 134 and 135: Bees as pollinators Bees provide a
Page 136 and 137: Lifecycle Complete metamorphosis. T
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More Information Website links DAFW
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SECTION 5 IPM Principles and Case S
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The IPM decision-making process IPM
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Biological agents GENERALIST predat
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Conservation and enhancing natural
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Table 5.1 Beneficial species common
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Host plant susceptibility and resis
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Selective insecticides The terms
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Conserving the benefits of insectic
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Step 4. What are the management opt
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Table 5.3 Pest species for which an
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Case study 2 Selective chemicals an
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Case study 4 Seed dressings protect
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6 Monitoring, Record Keeping, Sampl
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Introduction Monitoring pest and be
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Sending samples for identification
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• The dynamics of the pest popula
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Observer/recorder: Crop and variety
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Table 6.3 Check-list of common broa
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Table 6.4 Check-list of common pest
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Table 6.4 Check-list of common pest
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Biosecurity 7 Biosecurity
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If you see anything unusual, call t
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SECTION 8 Glossary Abdomen: the thi
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Labium: lower lip. Labrum: upper li
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References The information in this
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