Insects of Southern Australian Broadacre Farming Systems - Grains ...
Insects of Southern Australian Broadacre Farming Systems - Grains ...
Insects of Southern Australian Broadacre Farming Systems - Grains ...
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Lifecycle<br />
Larval Forms<br />
General shape &/or other useful features<br />
Body region features<br />
Insect type<br />
Order (O)<br />
Head Thorax<br />
Abdominal<br />
appearance<br />
Page number<br />
No. <strong>of</strong><br />
proleg<br />
pairs<br />
No. <strong>of</strong><br />
legs<br />
Antennae<br />
/ Head Capsule<br />
Mouthparts<br />
6<br />
Typically short.<br />
Beetles<br />
O: Coleoptera<br />
Anal proleg rare (e.g.<br />
Elateridae).<br />
Lifecycle: complete metamorphosis.<br />
Typically 4 distinct larval shapes. Some very<br />
mobile, others less so.<br />
Can <strong>of</strong>ten see the shape <strong>of</strong> legs and other<br />
features in pupae.<br />
I SPY<br />
Section<br />
4<br />
Ute Guide *<br />
SA WA<br />
none<br />
(none in<br />
weevils)<br />
Well-defined and<br />
hardened head<br />
capsule.<br />
Chewing<br />
Short antennae.<br />
Moths & butterflies<br />
O: Lepidoptera<br />
All prolegs with<br />
crochets (hooks at<br />
base).<br />
1 - 4<br />
pairs.<br />
Lifecycle: complete metamorphosis.<br />
Eye spots on side <strong>of</strong> head.<br />
‘V’-shaped suture (groove) on front <strong>of</strong> head.<br />
17<br />
47 -<br />
64<br />
37 -<br />
48<br />
6<br />
Well-developed<br />
and hardened<br />
head capsule,<br />
usually darker in<br />
colour.<br />
Chewing<br />
Anal<br />
proleg.<br />
Flies<br />
O: Diptera<br />
Lifecycle: complete metamorphosis.<br />
Pupae <strong>of</strong>ten simple, relatively featureless.<br />
2<br />
18 -<br />
46<br />
17 -<br />
36<br />
Maggot-like.<br />
Typically legless,<br />
thin and elongate.<br />
none none<br />
Modified head<br />
region. Reduced<br />
and poorly<br />
formed head,<br />
<strong>of</strong>ten retracted<br />
into the body.<br />
Mouth hooks<br />
(piercing and<br />
sucking)<br />
located at the<br />
pointed end <strong>of</strong><br />
larva.<br />
Sawfly larvae have<br />
prolegs but no<br />
crochets.<br />
Variable<br />
Lifecycle: complete metamorphosis.<br />
Most are maggot-like.<br />
50<br />
81,<br />
130,<br />
140,<br />
169,<br />
179<br />
62,<br />
104,<br />
116,<br />
136,<br />
146<br />
Typically<br />
legless<br />
Developed head<br />
capsule.<br />
Variable<br />
mouthparts<br />
(difficult to see).<br />
Wasps, bees & ants<br />
O: Hymenoptera<br />
Grasping,<br />
sucking.<br />
Lifecycle: complete metamorphosis.<br />
Predatory with well-developed legs and large<br />
mouthparts relative to body size (head region<br />
comprised mostly <strong>of</strong> mouthparts).<br />
81<br />
119 -<br />
129<br />
95 -<br />
103<br />
Table 3.2 Key characters <strong>of</strong> invertebrates <strong>of</strong> agricultural importance – LARVAL FORMS<br />
Lacewings<br />
O: Neuroptera<br />
90<br />
6 none Tapering abdomen.<br />
Filamentous<br />
antennae.<br />
137 -<br />
138<br />
113 -<br />
114<br />
Large sickleshaped<br />
mandibles<br />
pointing forward.<br />
SECTION 3 IMPORTANT INSECT GROUPS AND IDENTIFICATION KEYS<br />
11<br />
* Crop <strong>Insects</strong> the Ute Guide, <strong>Southern</strong> (S.A.) or Western (W.A.) edition<br />
<strong>Insects</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Southern</strong> <strong>Australian</strong> <strong>Broadacre</strong> <strong>Farming</strong> <strong>Systems</strong> Identification Manual and Education Resource © 2012
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