Feasibility Study of Proposed Tourism Dev in Shewula, NE ...

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ESRA represented a short to medium term action program to complement the longer term strategic vision of Government, which is known as the National Development Strategy (NDS). At the core of the ESRA program are the overall objectives of accelerating economic growth and improving social services in order to improve the standard of living of the Swazi people, and achieving governance of a high quality, based on transparency, accountability, discipline and the rule of law. A tourism strategy is part of the ESRA, with a report on tourism development in Swaziland being produced in October 1997. The report looked at the importance of tourism to people, the economy, to the environment and to traditional values. An analysis of the current status of the Swaziland tourism industry was undertaken, and included an analysis of serious constraints to the tourism industry. The information gathered enabled the Task Force 53 to draft a policy statement on tourism development for Swaziland, as well as developing a Tourism Action Plan. To date, few of the recommendations have been implemented. 2.5. SOCIAL SITUATION IN SWAZILAND The population of Swaziland was approximately 900 000 in 1995, and has been projected to be approximately 1 160 000 by the year 2000. 54 However, a population policy is due to be put in place, which is aimed at reducing Swaziland's growth rate of 3.5% (one of the highest in the world). Swaziland's population is young with 60% of the people aged below 21 years. The population distribution is divided into 76% in rural areas and 24% in urban areas. 55 AIDS was first reported in Swaziland in 1987. Since then it has had an increasingly negative effect on the economy and social services, especially as it mostly affects the economically active people aged between 20 and 39 years. It is felt that the worst is yet to come in that AIDS affects more than 30% of the population of Swaziland. The true effects of this won't be known until the period 2005-2010. 56 2.5.1. The socio-cultural context While many Swazi people have adopted western lifestyles and western-style business practices, particularly in business centres, their traditions are deeply rooted. These traditions are carefully guarded and upheld, and are manifested in the traditional ceremonies that take place to mark specific occasions. There are some visible signs of a complex and deep-seated social system in the people that one comes across on a daily basis. Some Swazis will be wearing colourful dress, featuring a toga-like garment - the mahiya. The two most important traditional ceremonies, in the eyes of Swazi's and foreigners alike, are the iNcwala in December and the Umhlanga in late August or early September. 53 The Task Force members were drawn from a diversity of backgrounds (such as members of the private tourism and travel industry, University of Swaziland, and the Ministry of Tourism) to create a forum for the analysis of tourism trends and the formulation of tourism policies and action plans. 54 This increase in the population is expected to take place at a constant fertility, which is about 6.6 births per female. 55 Thompson 1998,1999, op cit. 58 Ibid.
The iNcwala or 'first fruits' ceremony is rich in symbolism and the most important and sacred of Swazi ceremonies. There are various smaller rites, ceremonies and journeys leading up to the main iNcwala ceremony. During the iNcwala, many people, especially male, converge at the Royal Kraal at Ludzidzini for several weeks of traditional dancing, which is known in Swazi custom as the sibhaca. The warriors are joined by the King, who is traditionally known as the Ngwenyama, which translated means 'lion'. The Umhlanga or 'Reed Dance' is the second most important ceremony. It is especially for the unbetrothed maidens to pay homage to the King and the Queen Mother, who is known as the Ndlovukati (translated as 'she-elephant'). The young maidens set out to collect reeds from selected areas that are used to build wind breaks at the royal residence. Another traditional Swazi custom is the sibhaca, or traditional energetic dancing. Although influenced by the mines of South Africa, the rhythmic, vigorous style has become Swaziland's own. Men and boys perform the sibhaca, donning bright costumes and cow tails for the occasion which usually marks special events and holidays. Swaziland is traditionally a polygamous society and a dowry, known as lobola, is normally paid to the bride's parents, usually in the form of cattle. However, monogamous marriages in the western tradition are becoming increasingly common. Swazi weddings are also a major occasion for celebration. The bride forms the centre of attention during the ceremony known as kuteka, the equivalent of an engagement, and only her side of the party performs the sibhaca dance. The final wedding or umtsimba is a weekend celebration after the groom has completed his payment of the lobolo or 'bride-price'. 2.5.2. The socio-political context Until 1973, Swaziland's constitution was based on the Westminster system of government, and since independence has been remodelled to facilitate the practice of both western and traditional styles of government. During recent years, however, a general feeling has emerged that the system should be revised to create a more democratic climate and, as a result, the first review commission commenced in 1992 to seek public opinion on how the Tinkhundla should be revised. The issue is still being addressed by the Constitution Review Commission (CRC). The first elections took place in Swaziland in 1993. Power is vested in the King who appoints the Prime Minister. The King consults with the Cabinet, which is headed by the Prime Minister and a bicameral parliament. The bicameral parliament consists of two levels of governance. The Senate (Upper House) comprises of 30 Senators of whom the King appoints 20 and the House of Assembly elects 10 from members of the public. The House of Assembly (Lower House) is made up of 55 members from the existing constituencies in Swaziland.
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A Feasibility Study of the Proposed
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors would
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2.3. Biophysical Context ..........
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6.1.4. Conclusions ................
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Box 9.1 Figure 6.1. Consideration o
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
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Executive Summary INTRODUCTION The
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Executive Summary The findings of t
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Executive Summary Positive aspects:
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Executive Summary • Tourism input
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Chapter 1 - Introduction This chapt
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Chapter 4 - Socio-Cultural Findings
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Chapter 4 - Socio-Cultural Findings
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Chapter 5 - Environmental Evaluatio
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Chapter 6 - Tourism, Marketing and
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The following model was formulated
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Chapter 7 - Conclusions 7.1. INTROD
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Chapter 8 • Recommendations shoul
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Chapter 8 - Recommendations 8.2.4.
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Chapter 9 - The Way Forward proposa
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Chapter 9 - The Way Forward Notes o
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Chapter 9 - The Way Forward communi
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References Obua, J. 1997: The Poten
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The four questions that the study t
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3. Requirements The resources that
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Outreach programme at Mlawula could
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If the tourism development site wer
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Feasibility Study of Proposed Tourism Dev in Shewula, NE ...

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