Feasibility Study of Proposed Tourism Dev in Shewula, NE ...

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There is also a concern that Shewula's cattle will move across to other properties in the Conservancy if there are no fences between the different properties. 4.5. OPPORTUNITIES There are numerous suggestions from Shewula community members about how some of the problems which they identified could be solved, especially with regard to problems relating to the reserve and obstacles to tourism development. The possibilities that were identified for management of the proposed reserve and the perceived opportunities arising from the proposed tourism development are discussed below, followed by a section noting other, more general suggestions. 4.5.1. Opportunities for the management of the Reserve a) Wildlife protection • The possibility was raised that the community police could be responsible for guarding the game and/or that they could act as scouts in the reserve. • Some members of the community feel that wildlife protection is or should be the responsibility of the whole community: 'People are saying that if this thing is going to help them, then they have a responsibility to look after it, and then they insist on no hunting and poaching.' • The rangers should have guns because of the possibility of cross-border poaching by Mozambicans. (There was general consensus that outsiders would definitely carry guns and would use them, and that therefore the community needs to have guns for wildlife protection.) • Shewula rangers could swap positions with rangers from other reserves, in order to prevent familiarity / loyalty from influencing the performance of their duties. • Opinions about poaching varied, but some offered suggestions for what they saw as appropriate penalties or punishments for poaching. There is a strong sense that the issue of poaching would have to be dealt with by the traditional authorities: 'Poachers will have to be taken to the Chiefs kraal and the council must decide what to do. They must not be shot. The law should take its course.' b) Access control • Access to the proposed reserve could be on a certain day (or days), and/or permits issued to allow access to the area. The specifics of how such a system might work were not discussed, but there was a suggestion made that permits would have to be carried at all times while visiting the reserve. • There was also a suggestion that those collecting cattle would need permission to go through a gate. • One person commented that if only those from Shewula were allowed access, this would be possible because 'if people are seen beyond what is known to be the last homestead in Shewula, this will arouse suspicion.' This person also implied that it would therefore be possible to identify outsiders who could be poaching in the reserve, and that they could then be shot by the rangers. • There was also a suggestion that an electrified fence would prevent poachers from entering the proposed reserve. Animals could, in turn, be prevented from accessing the community by an electrified fence around the proposed reserve. (The suggestion for an electrified fence seems to have quite a bit of support, especially if permits are available to allow community access.)
c) Re-establishment of game The belief that there would have to be game on the proposed reserve generated speculation regarding how such game might come to be on Shewula property. Animals that were identified as potential candidates for re-establishment included 'impala, warthog, baboons, and even leopards'. The following opinions were expressed regarding possible sources for reintroduction of game: • Game reserves such as Mlilwane and Mlawula could donate animals to the community's game reserve. 85 • In contrast to this, others feel that the Shewula community should buy the game: We shouldn't seize these animals, we should buy them'. One respondent felt that 'All the people must donate a little and all must watch [i.e. take responsibility for protecting the game]. And anyone who doesn't will be taken to jail'. • Still others mentioned that it should be those responsible for the initiative who should purchase the game: 'The Libandla should buy the game, since they initiated the process.' However, in some instances there was a lack of clarity as to who had actually initiated the process: 'The whites who have asked authority to erect the fences for the proposed reserve should buy the animals!'. (These comments indicate a general lack of understanding that the proposal is intended to create broad-based community ownership of the proposed reserve.) • There was also a suggestion that the trust could use income generated by tourism to buy game for the proposed reserve, and that a variety of game should be bought 'so that the people coming after can see them.' This comment indicates that some members of the Shewula community are aware of the importance of intergenerational equity. It also indicates an understanding of the potential benefits of the projects for the whole community (see also section 4.8 for a discussion of the community's development needs). However, it was felt that reintroduction of dangerous game could only happen in the future, once the proposed reserve has been properly established. Elephant, it was suggested, could be re-established, although they would need to be kept inside a special camp within the proposed reserve. 86 4.5.2. Opportunities associated with tourism a) Direct employment opportunities Tasks that people cited when indicating their desire to gain direct employment from the proposed development included working in an office at the tourism development, cooking and cleaning for the tourists, carrying luggage, and being a game ranger and/or guide in the proposed reserve. Indirect opportunities for employment included the sale of curios, crafts and traditional Swazi food, as well as the possibilities of having displays of traditional dancing and Swazi ceremonies. These are further discussed below.
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A Feasibility Study of the Proposed
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors would
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2.3. Biophysical Context ..........
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6.1.4. Conclusions ................
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Box 9.1 Figure 6.1. Consideration o
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
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Executive Summary INTRODUCTION The
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Executive Summary The findings of t
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Executive Summary Positive aspects:
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Executive Summary • Tourism input
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Chapter 1 - Introduction This chapt
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Chapter 1 - Introduction 1.1.2. Des
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Chapter 1 - Introduction Objective
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Chapter 1 - Introduction It has bec
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Chapter 1 - Introduction • Local
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Chapter 1 - Introduction Sustainabl
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Chapter 1 - Introduction 1.4.2.2. G
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Chapter 1 - Introduction A particip
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Chapter 5 - Environmental Evaluatio
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Chapter 5 - Environmental Evaluatio
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Chapter 6 - Tourism, Marketing and
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The following model was formulated
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Chapter 7 - Conclusions 7.1. INTROD
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Chapter 7 - Conclusions 7.1.3.2. Po
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Chapter 7 - Conclusions and well-be
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Chapter 8 • Recommendations shoul
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Chapter 8 - Recommendations 8.2.4.
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Chapter 9 - The Way Forward proposa
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Chapter 9 - The Way Forward Notes o
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Chapter 9 - The Way Forward communi
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References Obua, J. 1997: The Poten
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The four questions that the study t
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3. Requirements The resources that
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Outreach programme at Mlawula could
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If the tourism development site wer
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Feasibility Study of Proposed Tourism Dev in Shewula, NE ...

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