Cesar2000-Economics of Coral Reefs.pdf

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Collected Essays on the Economics of Coral Reefs EDITOR: HERMAN S.J. CESAR
Collected Essays on the Economics of Coral Reefs © 2000 CORDIO and the authors ISBN 91-973959-0-0 Published by CORDIO, Department for Biology and Environmental Sciences, Kalmar University, SE-392 82 KALMAR, Sweden Coverphoto Jan Post; André Maslennikov (front page, bottom left) Maps Tommy Holmberg/Eurographics Production Bo Heurling AB Printed by Sjuhäradsbygdens Tryckeri, Borås , Sweden, 2000
Page 4 and 5: Table of Contents Acknowledgements
Page 6 and 7: Foreword Corals and coral reefs hav
Page 8 and 9: ● ● ● ● assessing the threa
Page 10 and 11: fishing is lucrative from the indiv
Page 12 and 13: Coral Reefs: Their Functions, Threa
Page 14 and 15: Table 1. Ecosystem functions and co
Page 16 and 17: Figure 1. Yield of Trochus Shells i
Page 18 and 19: Figure 2. Total Economic Value and
Page 20 and 21: Table 3. Total Net Benefits and Los
Page 22 and 23: Table 5. Valuation Techniques used
Page 24 and 25: people live from the Park, the high
Page 26 and 27: duction or logging) would have an e
Page 28 and 29: Hatcher, B. G., Johannes, R. E., &
Page 30 and 31: Thorhaug, A., (1992) “Oil Spills
Page 32 and 33: Authors Threats Mgt. Description Is
Page 38 and 39: Assessing the Benefits of Improving
Page 40 and 41: 2.2 Coral Reef Quality Change and t
Page 42 and 43: Five groups were given and the resp
Page 44 and 45: The total sample mean was similar a
Page 46 and 47: one of the five categories were nex
Page 48 and 49: 4.4 Protecting Rights and the Desir
Page 50 and 51: able for tourists versus locals was
Page 52 and 53:
problem that where respondents are
Page 54 and 55:
turists who regularly handle soil e
Page 56 and 57:
expanding tourist industry based on
Page 58 and 59:
ism and fisheries. Logging activiti
Page 60 and 61:
Table 2. Fisheries gross revenue an
Page 62 and 63:
an ‘Environmentally Critical Area
Page 64 and 65:
25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0
Page 66 and 67:
sized animals — even at the most
Page 68 and 69:
greater willingness among environme
Page 70 and 71:
stroyed was 7.5 fish times 0.19 ope
Page 72 and 73:
were affected by cyanide squirts fo
Page 74 and 75:
Russ, G. R., (1991) “Coral reef f
Page 76 and 77:
eefs that are not too remote, can n
Page 78 and 79:
Table 2. Estimated net income (US$/
Page 80 and 81:
Table 4. Results of base case and t
Page 82 and 83:
ating the destruction of its coral
Page 84 and 85:
creased. Besides these direct effec
Page 86 and 87:
3. ECONOMIC ANALYSIS: SOCIETAL COST
Page 88 and 89:
3.2 Case Study 2: Sri Lanka The soc
Page 90 and 91:
A first difference between the two
Page 92 and 93:
Coral Bleaching in the Indian Ocean
Page 94 and 95:
leaching occurred in the Maldives,
Page 96 and 97:
months after the coral bleaching ev
Page 98 and 99:
Level of importance 35 30 25 20 15
Page 100 and 101:
trols. What is useful from the data
Page 102 and 103:
most disappointing: food and bevera
Page 104 and 105:
REFERENCES Anderson, R. C., Waheed,
Page 106 and 107:
also seem capable of providing many
Page 108 and 109:
Table 1. Summary of Findings of Eco
Page 110 and 111:
Table 2-A. Summary Table of Bioecon
Page 112 and 113:
lation for the spawning stock abund
Page 114 and 115:
3.2.1 DENSITY-DEPENDENT MIGRATION M
Page 116 and 117:
3.2.3 DENSITY-DEPENDENT AND UNI-DIR
Page 118 and 119:
4.2 Habitat Protection A critical a
Page 120 and 121:
REFERENCES Alcala, A. C., (1989)
Page 122 and 123:
Russ, G. R., & Alcala, A. C., (1996
Page 124 and 125:
poses of this review, the mechanism
Page 126 and 127:
Supervision and training of labour
Page 128 and 129:
Table 1. Comparison of restoration
Page 130 and 131:
elating to the case studies. Recrea
Page 132 and 133:
Value of reef products and services
Page 134 and 135:
Fitzharding, R. C., & Bailey-Brock,
Page 136 and 137:
1995). Global annual retail value o
Page 138 and 139:
Table 1. Market Prices in Hong Kong
Page 140 and 141:
2.3 Recent Trends The Asian financi
Page 142 and 143:
destructive, since corals are often
Page 144 and 145:
(input factors are indicated by blu
Page 146 and 147:
Table 2. Challenges of grouper cult
Page 148 and 149:
stages when natural mortality is hi
Page 150 and 151:
STRENGTHEN ENFORCEMENT AND MONITORI
Page 152 and 153:
32 Several efforts along these line
Page 154 and 155:
Jones, R., (1997) “Effects of Cya
Page 156 and 157:
▲ An Economic and Ecological Anal
Page 158 and 159:
The Park was re-established and rev
Page 160 and 161:
associated with dive tourism and th
Page 162 and 163:
Apparent stress threshold B A S 1 P
Page 164 and 165:
A Comparative Study of Socio-Econom
Page 166 and 167:
Table 1. Key Site Characteristics C
Page 168 and 169:
Level Target Respondent Information
Page 170 and 171:
Table 2. Variables Used in the Econ
Page 172 and 173:
Table 3. Tied P-Values for Differen
Page 174 and 175:
as, lagoons and coral reefs were pe
Page 176 and 177:
Table 5. Results of the Econometric
Page 178 and 179:
ties may not reveal their true perc
Page 180 and 181:
Salafsky, N., Cordes, B., John Park
Page 182 and 183:
ICZM guides jointly the activities
Page 184 and 185:
such as alternative means of beach
Page 186 and 187:
2.3.2 CONTRIBUTIONS TO UTILITY —
Page 188 and 189:
marginal benefit function, relating
Page 190 and 191:
the type of use, are not linked to
Page 192 and 193:
4. FUTURE DIRECTIONS FOR DECISION S
Page 194 and 195:
Huber, R. M., & Jameson, S. C., (19
Page 196 and 197:
Appendix. Economic valuation studie
Page 198 and 199:
Ecosystem and Approach ____________
Page 200 and 201:
Ecosystem and Approach ____________
Page 202 and 203:
Contemporary national development p
Page 204 and 205:
The PBPA contains four prominent ex
Page 206 and 207:
5. INTERACTIONS BETWEEN ECOSYSTEM S
Page 208 and 209:
Table 2. Categories of Ecosystems i
Page 210 and 211:
MEY shows the enormous level of ove
Page 212 and 213:
the ecosystem together. The total (
Page 214 and 215:
▲ tourism, coastal protection and
Page 216 and 217:
has dramatically decreased from abo
Page 218 and 219:
seaweed per year is generating abou
Page 220 and 221:
Table 4. Current (1999) annual net
Page 222 and 223:
The essential activities that can e
Page 224 and 225:
their overall economic benefit to i
Page 226 and 227:
Private Sector Management of Marine
Page 228 and 229:
ety of important conservation and o
Page 230 and 231:
50 40 # incidents 30 20 10 0 J A J
Page 232 and 233:
● Investment security is reduced
Page 234 and 235:
onmental practices, and therefore t
Page 236 and 237:
7.4 NGOs Are Not Always Accountable
Page 238 and 239:
Sterner, T, & Andersson, J., (1998)
Page 240 and 241:
perfect but not completed and origi
Page 242:
Jeff Muller, Economist, World Bank,
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