Cesar2000-Economics of Coral Reefs.pdf

Table 3.
Costs and Benefits of Coral Mining Per Square Kilometre in NPV terms
’LOW’ Scenario (thousand US$)
’HIGH’ Scenario (thousand US$)
Costs Benefits Costs Benefits
Direct Costs Direct Benefits Direct Costs Direct Benefits
labour 0 sales of lime 302 labour 0 sales of lime 302
wood 67 wood 67
side-payments 54 side-payments 54
other costs 13 other costs 13
side-payments 54 side-payments 54
Indirect Costs Indirect Benefits Indirect Costs Indirect Benefits
coastal erosion 12 coastal erosion 260
incr. wood prices 67 incr. wood prices 67
Other functions n/a other functions n/a
Opportunity Costs
Opportunity Costs
foregone tourism 3 foregone tourism 482
net fishery loss 75 net fishery loss 75
labour costs 101 labour costs 101
Total Costs 389 Total Benefits 355 Total Costs 1117 Total Benefits 355
costs miners 235 benefits miners 302 costs miners 235 benefits miners 302
Net Present Value (economic) –33 Net Present Value (economic) –762
Net Present Value (financial) 67 Net Present Value (financial) 67
fuel wood were assumed to be larger than the price paid
by the families, because of the unsustainable way in
which the logging was carried out. The economic costs
were assumed to be double the price. Thirdly, the side
payment paid by the mining family for protection is a
100
0
–100
–200
–300
–400
–500
–600
benefits
to miners
sidepayments
foregone
tourism
coastal
erosion
net fishery
loss
incr. wood
prices
Figure 2. Costs and Benefits of Coral Mining in ’High’
Scenario Case.
true cost to that family. However, from an economic
point of view, it is merely a transfer of resources from
one group in society (the miner) to another (the protector).
These costs therefore were not incorporated into
the economic analysis.
Combining the net profits from mining with the
societal costs, table 3 shows that the economic loss of
mining to society is US$ 33,000 per km 2 for a ‘LOW’
value scenario (costs are US$ 389,000 in NPV terms
and benefits are US$ 355,000). For the ‘HIGH’ scenario,
the contrast between costs and benefits is even
more pronounced: US$ 1,117,000 versus US$ 355,000.
This means that the net present value of mining is
US$ –762,000 in the ‘HIGH’ scenario. For both scenarios,
therefore, coral mining constitutes a significant,
long-term loss to society.
COSTS AND BENEFITS OF CORAL MINING
89