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Abnormalities <strong>of</strong> pre-menarche reproductivefunction in girls and teenagers after theimpact <strong>of</strong> radiation. 3.21. In: Bar’yakhtar, V. G.(Ed.), Chernobyl Catastrophe: History, Social, Economical,Geochemical, Biological and Medical Consequences(//www.stopatom.slavutich.kiev.ua/2–3-19.htm) (inRussian).Vovk, U. B. & Mysurgyna, O. A. (1994). Estimation <strong>of</strong> radioactivecontamination and irradiation doses fromthe Chernobyl accident on the global scale. InternationalConference. Nuclear Accidents and the Future <strong>of</strong>Energy: Chernobyl’s Lessons. April 15–17, 1991, Paris,France (Selected Papers, Minsk): pp. 120–144.Vozianov, V. S., Drannik, G. N. & Karpenko, V. S. (1996).Characteristics <strong>of</strong> immunity in patients with urologicalpathology living in Polessk and Ivankiv districts,Kiev province. Scientific and Practical Conference.Remote Consequences <strong>of</strong> Irradiation for Immune and BloodForming Systems. May 7–10, 1996, Kiev (Abstracts,Kiev): pp. 57–58 (in Ukrainian).Vozylova, A. V., Akleev, A. V. & Bochkov, H. P. (1997).Remote cytogenetic effects <strong>of</strong> chronic irradiation. In:Third Congress on Radiation Research, 2 (Abstracts,Moscow): pp. 99–100 (in Russian).Vyatleva, O. A., Katargyna, T. A., Puchinskaya, L. M. &Yurkin, M. M. (1997). Electrophysiological characterization<strong>of</strong> the functional state <strong>of</strong> the brain in mentaldisturbances in workers involved in the clean-upfollowing the Chernobyl atomic energy station accident.Neurosci. Behav. Physiol. 27(2): 166–172.Wals, Ph. de, & Dolk, H. (1990). Effect <strong>of</strong> the Chernobylradiological contamination on human reproductionin Western Europe. Progr. Chem. Biol. Res. 340: 339–346.WHO (1996). Health Consequences <strong>of</strong> the ChernobylAccident: Results <strong>of</strong> the IPHECA Pilot Projects andRelated National Programmes. Souchkevitch, G. N.& Tsyb, A. F. (Eds.). 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160Zaitsev, V. A., Petrenko, S. V. & Baranovskaya, M. F.(1996). Content <strong>of</strong> vitamins A and E in blood <strong>of</strong>children and pregnant women living in radioactivecontaminated territories. Publ. Health 4: 44–45 (inRussian).Zak, K. P., Butenko, Z. A. & Mikhailovskaya, Ae. V.(1996). Hematological, immune and molecular genetics:Monitoring <strong>of</strong> liquidators 1991–1996. Scientificand Practical Conference. Remote Consequences <strong>of</strong>Irradiation for Immune and Blood Forming Systems. May7–10, 1996, Kiev (Abstracts, Kiev): pp. 12–13 (inRussian).Zakrevsky, A. A., Nykulyna, L. I. & Martynenko, L.G. (1993). Early postnatal adaptation <strong>of</strong> newbornswhose mothers were impacted by radiation. Scientificand Practical Conference. Chernobyl and PublicHealth, 1 (Abstracts, Kiev): pp. 116–117 (in Russian).Zalutskaya, A., Bornstein, S. R., Mokhort, T. & Garmaev,D. (2004). Did the Chernobyl incident causean increase in Type 1 diabetes mellitus incidencein children and adolescents? Diabetolog. 47: 147–148.Zhavoronkova, L. A., Gabova, A. V., Kuznetsova, G. D.,Sel’sky, A. G., Pasechnik, V. I., et al. (2003). Postradiationeffect on inter-hemispheric asymmetry inEEG and thermography findings. J. High. NervousActivit. 53(4): 410–419 (in Russian).Zhavoronkova, L. A., Gogytidze, N. V. & Kholodova,N. B. (2000). Post-radiation changes in brain asymmetryand higher mental function <strong>of</strong> right- andleft-handed subjects: A sequel <strong>of</strong> the Chernobylaccident. J. High. Nervous Activit. 50(1): 68–79 (inRussian).Zhavoronkova, L. A., Kholodova, N. B., Zubovsky, G. A.,Smirnov, Yu. N., Koptelov, Yu. M. & Ryzhov, N. I.(1994). Electroencephalographic correlates <strong>of</strong> neurologicaldisorders in the late periods <strong>of</strong> exposure toionizing radiation: The after-effects <strong>of</strong> the Chernobylaccident. J. High. Nervous Activit. 44(2): 229–238 (inRussian).Zhavoronkova, L. A., Ryzhov, B. N., Barmakova, A. B.& Kholodova, N. B. (2002). Abnormalities <strong>of</strong> EGGand cognitive functional disorders after radioactiveimpact. Herald Rus. Acad. Sci. 386(3): 418–422 (inRussian).Zhavoronok, S. V., Kalynin, A. L., Grimbaum, O. A.,Chernovetskyi, M. A., Babarykyna, N. Z. & Ospovat,M. A. (1998a). Liver viruses B, C, D, G markersin those suffering from the Chernobyl catastrophe.Publ. Health 8: 46–48 (in Russian).Zhavoronok, S. V., Kalynin, A. L., Pyliptsevich, N. N.,Okeanov, A. E., Grimbaum, O. A., et al. (1998b).Analysis <strong>of</strong> chronic hepatitis and hepatic cirrhosismorbidity in populations suffering after Chernobylaccident in Belarus. Med. Radiol. Radiat. Safety 43(5):cc. 18–24 (in Russian).Zhylenko, M. I. & Fedorova, M. V. (1999). Health status<strong>of</strong> pregnant and lying-in women and newborns underlow dose impacts. Obstetric. Gynecol. 1: 20–22 (inRussian).Zieglowski, V. & Hemprich, A. (1999). Facial cleft birthdefect rate in former East Germany before and afterthe reactor accident in Chernobyl. Mund KieferGesichtschir 3: 195199 (in German).Zozulya, I. S. & Polischuyk, N. E. (1995). Characteristics<strong>of</strong> cerebrovascular disorders in persons who sufferedionizing radiation after the Chernobyl accident. DoctorPract. 3–4: 26–28 (in Russian).Zubovich, V. K., Petrov, G. A., Beresten’, S. A.,Kil’chevskaya, E. V. & Zemskov, V. N. (1998). Humanmilk characters and babies’ health in radioactivecontaminated areas <strong>of</strong> Belarus. Publ. Health 5:28–30 (in Russian).Zubovsky, G. & Smirnova, N. (2000). Chernobylcatastrophe and your health. Russian Chernobyl(www.portalus.ru/modules/ecology/print.php?subaction=snowfull&id) (in Russian).Zubovsky, G. A. & Tararukhyna, O. B. (1991). The state<strong>of</strong> a hypophyseal-thyroid system during treatmentwith I-131. Med. Radiolog. 3: 32–35 (in Russian).Zubovsky, G. A. & Tararukhyna, O. I. (2007). Morbidityamong persons exposed to radiation as result<strong>of</strong> the Chernobyl nuclear accident. In: Blokov, I.,et al. (Eds.), The Health Effects on the Human Victims <strong>of</strong>the Chernobyl Catastrophe (Greenpeace International,Amsterdam): pp. 147–151.
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This monograph is a reprint of
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ChernobylConsequences of the Catast
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viChapter III. Consequences of the
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viiiFor a long time I have thought
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CHERNOBYLPrefaceThe principal idea
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xii• Chapter IV: Radiation Protec
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CHERNOBYLAcknowledgmentsThe present
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xviPintchouk, L.B., Institute of Ex
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2The basic conclusion of the report
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CHERNOBYLChapter I. Chernobyl Conta
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6tled outside of Belarus, Ukraine,
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8TABLE 1.1. Estimations of a Geogra
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10Figure 1.6. Some of the main area
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12Figure 1.7. The path of one Chern
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14Figure 1.10. Reconstruction of co
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16Figure 1.12. Transuranic radionuc
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18TABLE 1.3. Radioactive Contaminat
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20Figure 1.15. Spotty concentration
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22Figure 1.16. Maps of the Chernoby
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24the teeth of 6,000 children and f
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26TABLE 1.8. Estimation of the Popu
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28observations of fallout from the
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30Contamination: Chernobyl’s lega
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CHERNOBYL2. Chernobyl’s Public He
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34persons who were involved in liqu
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36the incomplete official data for
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38periodic journals and magazines a
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40Chernobyl Forum (2006). Health Ef
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CHERNOBYL3. General Morbidity, Impa
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44TABLE 3.2. Frequency of Complaint
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46Figure 3.2. Number (percentage) o
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48TABLE 3.7. Percent of “Practica
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50TABLE 3.12. Disability in Liquida
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52Gutkovsky, I. A., Kul’kova, L.
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54prenatally irradiated children. B
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56encephalopathy in those 40 years
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CHERNOBYL5. Nonmalignant Diseases a
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602. Children of liquidators living
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625.1.2.1. Belarus1. Cardiovascular
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64blood pressure was characteristic
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66TABLE 5.4. Incidence of (%, M ±
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687. For the majority surveyed in t
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70TABLE 5.12. Chromosomal Mutations
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72TABLE 5.16. Incidence of Down Syn
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74mortality; (c) an increase in de
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76Organization (WHO) (Chernobyl For
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78Adequate and timely thyroid funct
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805.3.1.2. Ukraine1. The noticeable
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82TABLE 5.24. General Endocrine Mor
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84of cases of autoimmune thyroiditi
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86between 1992 and 2001 (Moskalenko
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88protein X concentration in urine,
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90the 30-km Chernobyl zone. In 1986
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9211. In the 7 to 9 years after the
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94Figure 5.7. Chronic bronchitis an
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96TABLE 5.33. Respiratory Morbidity
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985.6.2. Ukraine1. Urogenital disea
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100TABLE 5.36. Urogenital Morbidity
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102from Chernobyl fallout changed o
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104TABLE 5.43. Primary Osteomuscula
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10610. From 1991 to 2000 there was
- Page 125 and 126: 108indicated an almost twofold incr
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- Page 133 and 134: 116Only after 2000 did medical auth
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- Page 139 and 140: 122TABLE 5.62. Overall Skin Disease
- Page 141 and 142: 1243. The incidence of kidney infec
- Page 143 and 144: 126TABLE 5.68. Incidence of Congeni
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- Page 149 and 150: 132Figure 5.15. Typical examples of
- Page 151 and 152: 134TABLE 5.79. Incidence (per 100,0
- Page 153 and 154: 136Arynchyna, N. T. & Mil’kmanovi
- Page 155 and 156: 138Brogger, A., Reitan, J. B., Stra
- Page 157 and 158: 140Drygyna, L. B. (2002). Clinical
- Page 159 and 160: 142Goncharova, R. I. (2000). Remote
- Page 161 and 162: 144September 27-29, 1999, Minsk (Be
- Page 163 and 164: 146Vuazen, K. (Eds.), Pulmonary Sys
- Page 165 and 166: 148June 4-8, 2001, Kiev, Ukraine (A
- Page 167 and 168: 150Noshchenko, A. G. & Loganovsky,
- Page 169 and 170: 152Ukr. Herald Soc. Hygien. Publ. H
- Page 171 and 172: 154Cytogenetic observations of chil
- Page 173 and 174: 156dysfunction in persons sick from
- Page 175: 158Tytov, L. P. (2002). Early and r
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- Page 181 and 182: 164TABLE 6.4. Childhood Cancer Morb
- Page 183 and 184: 166Figure 6.5. General thyroid canc
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- Page 189 and 190: 172Figure 6.12. Total I-131 contami
- Page 191 and 192: 174Figure 6.16. Papillary thyroid c
- Page 193 and 194: 176well as being a result of the ad
- Page 195 and 196: 178TABLE 6.11. Leukemia Morbidity (
- Page 197 and 198: 180TABLE 6.14. Leukemia Morbidity (
- Page 199 and 200: 182Figure 6.20. Breast cancer morbi
- Page 201 and 202: 184TABLE 6.18. Increase in Morbidit
- Page 203 and 204: 186Busby, C. (1995). The Wings of D
- Page 205 and 206: 188Ivanov, V. K. & Tsyb, A. F. (200
- Page 207 and 208: 190ujf-grenoble.fr/SANTE/alpesmed/e
- Page 209 and 210: CHERNOBYL7. Mortality after the Che
- Page 211 and 212: 194Figure 7.3. Stillbirth rate (per
- Page 213 and 214: 196Figure 7.7. Trends of stillbirth
- Page 215 and 216: 198TABLE 7.1. Increase of the Rate
- Page 217 and 218: 200Figure 7.11. Perinatal mortality
- Page 219 and 220: 202Figure 7.14. Trend of infant mor
- Page 221 and 222: 204Figure 7.19. Trend of mortality
- Page 223 and 224: 206TABLE 7.6. Causes of Death (%) o
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210TABLE 7.11. Number of Additional
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212Buzhievskaya, T. I., Tchaikovska
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214Law of Ukraine (2006). About Sta
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216to and 3 years subsequent to the
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218Figure 1. Absolute number of the
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220pathology formation, prognosis).
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222Twenty Years of Chernobyl Catast
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224TABLE 8.1. Concentration (Bq/m 3
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226Concentrations of Cs-131/Cs-134/
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228TABLE 8.6. Coefficients of Accum
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230Figure 8.2. The annual mean Cs-1
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232TABLE 8.10. Ground Deposition (k
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234ReferencesAarkrog, A. (1988). St
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236pectin-containing food additives
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238Figure 9.1. Radioautographs of p
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240TABLE 9.4. Levels of Radionuclid
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242TABLE 9.6. Inter- and Intraspeci
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244TABLE 9.8. Intensity of Cs-137 A
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246each place and time for each ind
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248TABLE 9.14. Frequency of Some Mo
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250TABLE 9.20. Change in Anthocyani
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252Grodzinsky, D. M. (2006). Reflec
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254after accident. Radiat. Biol. Ra
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256TABLE 10.1. Maximum Concentratio
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258Figure 10.2. Individual variabil
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260TABLE 10.4. Concentration of Som
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262TABLE 10.7. Some Recorded Cherno
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264isotope analyses on current and
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266TABLE 10.12. Abnormalities in La
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268TABLE 10.16. The Frequency of Do
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27015. Animals in the Chernobyl zon
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272TABLE 10.25. Immune Status of th
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274ReferencesAdamovich, V. L. (1998
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276Environmental Health (Center for
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278water bodies. Herald Nat. Belar.
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280E. V. (1996). Chromosome aberrat
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282with up to 40 Ci/km 2 (Zymenko e
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284Luk’yanova, E. M., Denysova, M
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286demonstrate a return to historic
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288enterosorbents, and Chapter IV.1
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290on contaminated foodstuffs avail
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292Figure 12.1. Countrywide mean co
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294TABLE 12.5. Concentration (pCi/l
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296TABLE 12.7. Cs-137 Body Burden i
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298Figure 12.5. Average specific ac
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300Figure 12.10. Body burden of Cs-
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302Omelyanets, N. I. (2001). Radioe
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304formation. The additives prevent
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306TABLE 13.2. EKG Normalization Re
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308increased sense of personal resp
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310Nesterenko, V. B. (2005). Radiat
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312require a separate monograph. Th
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3141. In the exclusion zone, which
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316Foods rich in K include potatoes
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CHERNOBYL15. Consequences of the Ch
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320• Inadequacy of modern knowled
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322with illnesses characteristic of
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324Chernobyl-contaminated areas, ra
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326information which can be unwante