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196Figure 7.7. Trends of stillbirth rate and neonatal and perinatal mortality in England andWales (Busby, 1995, based on Bentham, 1991).Over an 18-year period after Chernobyl, ifthe number of miscarriages and stillbirths resultingfrom the Chernobyl fallout was 50,000in Ukraine alone (Lypik, 2004), it is likely thatthe total antenatal death toll from Chernobylin Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine up to 2003 ismore than 100,000. As these three countries receivedonly about 43% of the radioactive falloutfrom Chernobyl (see Chapter 1 for details) onecan expect another 100,000 additional antenataldeaths in other European countries and inthe rest of the world. Thus the total antenataldeath toll from Chernobyl adds up to 200,000cases (Rosen, 2006).7.2. Increased Perinatal, Infant,and Childhood MortalityReports about the most probable adverseimpacts of the Chernobyl contamination onchildhood mortality include: perinatal mortality(stillbirths plus early neonatal deaths, 0–6days), neonatal mortality (0–27 days), infantmortality (0–364 days), and childhood mortality(0–14 years). In a number of Europeancountries the definition of stillbirth changedaround 1994, which presents a problem in timetrendanalyses. In the Former Soviet Union,the data for neonatal and infant mortality wereFigure 7.8. Sex ratio and stillbirth odds ratio by gender in several European countries(male stillbirths/male live births)/(female stillbirths/female live births; Scherb et al., 1999).