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Yablokov: Nonmalignant Diseases after Chernobyl 812. Endocrine diseases increased in thecontaminated territories during the first 10years after the catastrophe (Tsymlyakova andLavrent’eva, 1996).3. The number of children with endocrinediseases increased in the heavily contaminatedzones (Sharapov, 2001). For children inthe contaminated areas of Tula Province, endocrinemorbidity was fivefold higher in 2002compared to the period before the catastrophe(Sokolov, 2003).4. In 1995 the number of children with endocrinemorbidity peaked as a whole in the contaminatedareas of Bryansk Province. In spiteof some decrease in the level of endocrine morbidityfrom 1995 to 1998, it remained twiceas high as for Russia as a whole. At the sametime in the heavily contaminated Gordeevka,Novozybkov, and Klymovo districts it remainedhighly elevated in 1998 (Table 5.23).5. A total of 17.7% of pregnant women inthe contaminated territories had significantlyincreased levels of prolactin with associated terminationof menstruation and loss of fertility(Strukov, 2003).6. In the contaminated districts of the KalugaProvince, which as a whole was less contam-TABLE 5.23. Overall Endocrine Morbidity (per1,000) among Children of Bryansk Province,1995– 1998, in Areas with Cs-137 Contaminationabove 5 Ci/km 2 (Fetysov, 1999b: table 6.1)Number of casesDistrict 1995 1996 1997 1998Klymovo 21.6 29.9 25.5 83.3Novozybkov 133.4 54.5 55.0 109.6Klintsy 28.9 31.4 34.6 28.9Krasnogorsk 31.4 69.2 41.3 25.3Zlynka 65.0 43.8 49.7 24.9Gordeevka 410.2 347.5 245.0 158.5Southwest ∗ 104.4 97.1 67.2 68.5Province total 102.2 74.2 47.2 47.3Russia 21.4 23.4 25.6 n/a∗ All heavily contaminated districts of BryanskProvince.Figure 5.5. Incidence of endocrine andmetabolic diseases (per 1,000) among children ofliquidators (1) in Obninsk City, Kaluga Province(Borovykova, 2004); (2) children, City; (3) children,Russia.inated than Bryansk Province, juvenile endocrinemorbidity was 5.8 to 16.1 per 1,000,which was 1.4- to 3.2-fold more than that ofdistricts with less contamination (Borovykovaet al., 1996).7. Endocrine morbidity in children bornto liquidators in Kaluga Province sharply increasedin the first 12 years after the catastrophe(Figure 5.5).8. The rate of increase in overall endocrineillnesses in adults in the heavily contaminatedterritories was higher than that of children from1995 to 1998, and in most of the heavily contaminateddistricts of Bryansk Province wasnoticeably higher than for the province and forRussia as a whole (Table 5.24).9. Twelve years after the catastrophe overalladult endocrine system morbidity in theheavily contaminated southwest districts ofBryansk Province and liquidators’ morbidityboth significantly exceeded the provincialnorms (Table 5.25). The provincial morbidityfor liquidators was noticeably higher than theRussian average.10. Fifteen years after the catastrophe overallendocrine system morbidity in the contaminatedterritories exceeded the provincial level2.6-fold (Sergeeva et al., 2005).