Yablokov: Morbidity, Impairment, and Disability after Chernobyl 51to mothers exposed to low doses <strong>of</strong> ionizing radiation.In: Belarussian Children’s Health in Modern EcologicalSituation: Consequences <strong>of</strong> Chernobyl Catastrophe. TreatiseVI Belarus Pediatric Congress (Minsk): pp. 9–10 (inRussian).Antypova, S. I., Korzhunov, V. M. & Suvorova, I. V.(1997). Liquidators’ tendency toward chronic nonspecificillnesses. Scientific and Practical Conference.Actual Problems <strong>of</strong> Medical Rehabilitation <strong>of</strong> Victims <strong>of</strong> ChernobylCatastrophe. June 30, 1997, Minsk. Devoted tothe Tenth Anniversary <strong>of</strong> the Republic’s RadiationMedicine Dispensary (Materials, Minsk): pp. 59–60(in Russian).Arabskaya, L. P. (2001). General characteristics <strong>of</strong> structuraland functional state <strong>of</strong> osteal tissue and physicaldevelopment in children born after the catastrophe<strong>of</strong> ChNPP. Problem Osteol. 4(3): 11–22 (in Russian).Arinchin, A. N., Avhacheva, T. V., Gres’, N. A. &Slobozhanina, E. I. (2002). Health status <strong>of</strong> Belarussianchildren suffering from the Chernobyl accident:Sixteen years after the catastrophe. In: Imanaka, T.(Ed.). Recent Research Activities about the Chernobyl Accidentin Belarus, Ukraine and Russia, KURRI-KR-79 (KyotoUniversity, Kyoto): pp. 231–240.Baida, L. K. & Zhirnosecova, L. M. (1998). Changes inchildren’s morbidity patterns under different levels <strong>of</strong>radiocesium contamination <strong>of</strong> soil. Second AnnualConference. Remote Medical Consequences <strong>of</strong> ChernobylCatastrophe. June 1–6, 1998, Kiev, Ukraine (Abstracts,Kiev): pp. 14–15 (in Ukrainian).Blet’ko, T. V., Kul’kova, A. V., Gutkovsky, I. A. &Uklanovskaya, E. V. (1995). Children’s general morbiditypattern in Gomel Province—1986–1993. InternationalScientific and Practical Conference Devotedto the Fifth Anniversary. Gomel MedicalInstitute, November 9–10, 1995, Gomel (Treatise,Gomel): pp. 5–6 (in Russian).Burlak, G., Naboka, M., & Shestopalov, V. (2006). Noncancerendpoints in children-residents after theChernobyl accident. In: International ConferenceTwenty Years after the Chernobyl Accident. Future Outlook.April 24–26, 2006, Kiev Ukraine. Contributed Papers1 (“HOLTEH,” Kiev): pp. 37–41 (www.tesecint.org/T1.pdf).Burokaite, B. (2002). Connection <strong>of</strong> morbidity and mortalitywith cleanup and mitigation operations <strong>of</strong> theChernobyl NPP accident. Inform. Bull. 3: BiologicalEffects <strong>of</strong> Low Doses Irradiation (Belarussian Committeeon Chernobyl Children, Minsk): pp. 16–17 (inRussian).Busby, C. (1995). Wings <strong>of</strong> Death. Nuclear Contamination andHuman Health (Green Audit Books, Aberystwyth): IX+ 340 pp.Buzunov, V. A., Strapko, N. P. & Pyrogova, E. A.(1995). Public health in contaminated territories. In:Bar’yakhtar, V. G., (Ed.), Chernobyl Catastrophe: Historiography,Social, Economical, Geochemical, Medical and BiologicalConsequences (“Naukova Dumka,” Kiev): 558pp. (in Russian).Buzunov, V. A., Teretshenko, V. M., Voichulene, Yu. S.& Stry, N. I. (2006). Main results <strong>of</strong> epidemiologicalstudies <strong>of</strong> Chernobyl liquidator’s health (nonmalignantmorbidity, invalidism and mortality). InternationalConference. Twenty Years after Chernobyl Accident:Future Outlook. April 24–26, 2006, Kiev, Ukraine (Abstracts,Kiev): pp. 92–93 (in Russian).Byryukov, A. P., Ivanov, V. K., Maksyutov, M. A.,Kruglova, Z. G., Kochergyna, E. V. et al. (2001). Liquidators’health–Russian state medical and dosimetricregister. In: Lyubchenko, P. N. (Ed.), Remote MedicalConsequences <strong>of</strong> the Chernobyl Catastrophe (“ViribusUnitis,” Moscow): pp. 4–9 (in Russian).Chernobyl Forum (2005). Environmental Consequences<strong>of</strong> the Chernobyl Accident and Their Remediation:Twenty Years <strong>of</strong> Experience. Report <strong>of</strong> the UNChernobyl Forum Expert Group “Environment”(EGE) August 2005 (IAEA, Vienna): 280 pp.(//www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/<strong>PDF</strong>/Pub1239_web.pdf).Chernobyl Forum (2006). Health Effects <strong>of</strong> the ChernobylAccident and Special Health Care Programmes.Report <strong>of</strong> the UN Chernobyl Forum Expert Group“Health” (2006). Bennett, B., Repacholi, M. &Carr, Zh. (Eds.). (WHO, Geneva): 167 pp. (//www.who.int/ionizing_radiation/chernobyl/WHO%20Report%20on%20Chernobyl%20Health%20Effects%20July2006.pdf).Donets, N. P. (2005). Influence <strong>of</strong> radiation factor on themorbidity level <strong>of</strong> population in Chernygiv Region.Hygien. Epidemiol. Herald 9(1): 67–71 (in Ukrainian).Dzykovich, I. B., Kornylova, T. I., Kot, T. I. & Vanylovich,I. A. (1996). Health <strong>of</strong> pregnant women and newbornsfrom different regions <strong>of</strong> Belarus. In: MedicalBiological Aspects <strong>of</strong> the Chernobyl Accident (Collection <strong>of</strong>Papers, Minsk) 1: pp. 16–23 (in Russian).Ericson, A. & Kallen, B. (1994). Pregnancy outcomes inSweden after Chernobyl. Environ. Res. 67: 149–159.Fetysov, S. N. (Ed.) (1999). Health <strong>of</strong> Chernobyl accidentvictims in Bryansk Province. In: Collection <strong>of</strong> Analyticaland Statistical Materials from 1995–1998, Vol. 4(Bryansk): pp. 33–44 (in Russian).Gres’, N. A. & Arinchin, A. I. (2001). Syndrome <strong>of</strong> ecologicaldisadaptation in Belarus children and methodsto correct it. Med. Inf. 5: 9–10 (in Russian).Grodzinsky, D. M. (1999). General situation <strong>of</strong> the radiologicalconsequences <strong>of</strong> the Chernobyl accident inUkraine. In: Imanaka, T., Ed., Recent Research Activitiesabout the Chernobyl NPP Accident in Belarus, Ukraineand Russia. KURRI-KR-7 (Kyoto University): pp.18–28.
52Gutkovsky, I. A., Kul’kova, L. V., Blet’ko, T. V. & Nekhay,Y. E. V. (1995). Children’s health and local levels<strong>of</strong> Cesium-137 contamination. International Scientificand Practical Conference Devoted to the FifthAnniversary. November 9–10, 1995, Gomel MedicalInstitute, Gomel (Treatise, Gomel): pp. 12–13 (inRussian).Harjulehto, T., Aro, T., Rita, H., Rytomaa, T. & Saxen,L. (1989). The accident at Chernobyl and pregnancyoutcomes in Finland. Brit. Med. J. 298: 995–997.Horishna, O. V. (2005). Chernobyl Catastrophe and PublicHealth: Results <strong>of</strong> Scientific Investigations (ChernobylChildren’s Foundation, Kiev): 59 pp. (in Ukrainian).Ignatov, V. A., Selyvestrova, O. Yu. & Tsurykov, I. F.(2001). Echo: 15 post-Chernobyl years in Kalugaland. Legacy <strong>of</strong> Chernobyl (Collected Papers, Kaluga)3: pp. 6–15 (in Russian).Ipatov, A. V., Sergieni, O. V. & Voitchak, T. G. (2006). Disabilityin Ukraine in connection with the ChNPS accident.International Conference. Health Consequences<strong>of</strong> the Chernobyl Catastrophe: Strategy <strong>of</strong> Recovery. May29–June 3, 2006, Kiev, Ukraine (Abstracts, Kiev):pp. 8–9.Ivanov, V., Tsyb, A., Ivanov, S. & Pokrovsky, V. (2004).Medical Radiological Consequences <strong>of</strong> the Chernobyl Catastrophein Russia: Estimation <strong>of</strong> Radiation Risks (“Nauka,”St. Petersburg): 388 pp.Izhevsky, P. V. & Meshkov, N. A. (1998). Genetic consequences<strong>of</strong> irradiation. Second International Conference.Remote Medical Consequences <strong>of</strong> the ChernobylCatastrophe. June 1–6, 1998, Kiev, Ukraine (Abstracts,Kiev): pp. 244–245 (in Russian).Karamullin, M. A., Sosyutkin, A. E., Shutko, A. N., Nedoborsky,K. V., Yazenok, A. V., et al. (2004). Importance<strong>of</strong> radiation dose evaluation for late morbidityin Chernobyl liquidator age groups. Scientific andPractical Conference. Actual Questions <strong>of</strong> Radiation Hygiene.June 21–25, 2004, St. Petersburg (Abstracts, St.Petersburg): pp. 170–171 (in Russian).Komogortseva, L. K. (2006). Ecological consequences <strong>of</strong>the Chernobyl catastrophe for Bryansk Province.International Scientific and Practical Conference.Twenty Years after Chernobyl Catastrophe: Ecological andSocial Lessons (Materials, Moscow): pp. 81–85 (inRussian).Kondrashova, V. G., Kolpakov, I. E., Abramova, T. Ya.& Vdovenko, V. Yu. (2006). Integrated estimation<strong>of</strong> the health <strong>of</strong> children born to irradiated fathers.International Conference. Twenty Years after the ChernobylAccident: Future Outlook. April 24–26, 2006, Kiev,Ukraine (Abstracts, Kiev): pp. 110–111.Kozhunov, V. M., Denysevich, N. K., Metel’skaya, M.A. & Lavrenyuk, I. F. (1996). Morbidity, invalidismand mortality in people who inhabit or inhabitedterritories with Cesium-137 contamination above 15Ci/km 2 (third group <strong>of</strong> initial accounting). In: MedicalBiological Aspects <strong>of</strong> the ChNPP Accident (Collection <strong>of</strong>Papers, Moscow) 1: pp. 47–53 (in Russian).Kudryashov, Yu. B. (2001). Radiobiology: Yesterday,today, tomorrow. In: Chernobyl: Duty and Courage,Vol. 2 (Strategic Stability Institute, Moscow)(//www.iss.niiit.ru/<strong>book</strong>-4) (in Russian).Kukishev, V. P., Proshin, A. D. & Doroshenko, V. N. (2001).Medical aid to victims <strong>of</strong> the Chernobyl catastrophein Bryansk Province. In: Lyubchenko, P. N. (Ed.).Remote Medical Consequences <strong>of</strong> the Chernobyl Catastrophe(“Viribus Unitis,” Moscow): pp. 26–27 (in Russian).Kulakov, V. I., Sokur, T. N., Tsybul’skaya, I. S.,Dolzhenko, I. S., Volobuev, A. I. et al. (1997). Chernobyland health <strong>of</strong> future generations In: Chernobyl:Duty and Courage, Vol. 1 (Strategic Stability Institute,Ministry <strong>of</strong> Nuclear Affairs, Moscow) (//www.iss.niiit.ru/<strong>book</strong>-1) (in Russian).Kul’kova, L. V., Ispenkov, E. A., Gutkovsky, I. A., Voinov,I. N., Ulanovskaya, E. V. et al. (1996). Epidemiologicalmonitoring <strong>of</strong> children’s health in areas <strong>of</strong>Gomel Province contaminated with radionuclides.Med. Radiol. Radioact. Safety 2: 12–15 (in Russian).Law <strong>of</strong> Ukraine (2006). A state program to overcomethe consequences <strong>of</strong> the Chernobyl catastrophe forthe period 2006–2010. Bull. Ukr. Parliament (VVP) 34:article. 290.LIGA (2004). Chernobyl: Medical consequences 18 yearsafter the accident. LIGA-Business-Inform, April 22.Lubensky, A. (2004). Forgotten victims <strong>of</strong> Chernobyl(//www.english.pravda.ru/world/20/92/370/12608_Chernobyl.html04/23/200418:06; http://world.pravda.ru/world/2004/5/73/207/16694_Chernobil.html).Lyubchenko, P. N. (Ed.) (2001). Remote Medical Consequences<strong>of</strong> the Chernobyl Catastrophe (“Viribus Unitis,” Moscow):154 pp. (in Russian).Lyubchenko, P. N. & Agal’tsov, M. V. (2001). Pathologicfindings in Chernobyl liquidators over a period <strong>of</strong> 15years. In: Lyubchenko, P. N. (Ed.) Remote Medical Consequences<strong>of</strong> the Chernobyl Catastrophe (“Viribus Unitis,”Moscow): pp. 26–27 (in Russian).Lukyanova, E. M., Stepanova, E. I., Antipkin, Yu. G.& Nagornaya, A. M. (1995). Children’s health. In:Bar’yakhtar, V. G. (Ed.). Chernobyl Catastrophe. Historiography,Social, Economical, Geochemical, Medical and BiologicalConsequences (“Naukova Dumka,” Kiev): 558pp. (in Russian).Lyaginskaya, A. M., Osypov, V. A., Smirnova,O. V., Isichenko, I. B. & Romanova, S. V. (2002).Reproductive function <strong>of</strong> Chernobyl liquidators andhealth <strong>of</strong> their children. Med. Radiol. Radiat. Security47(1): 5–10 (in Russian).Medical Consequences (2003). Medical Consequences <strong>of</strong> theChernobyl Accident. (Komchernobyl Belarus, Minsk)
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This monograph is a reprint of
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ChernobylConsequences of the Catast
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viChapter III. Consequences of the
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viiiFor a long time I have thought
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CHERNOBYLPrefaceThe principal idea
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xii• Chapter IV: Radiation Protec
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CHERNOBYLAcknowledgmentsThe present
- Page 17 and 18: xviPintchouk, L.B., Institute of Ex
- Page 19 and 20: 2The basic conclusion of the report
- Page 21 and 22: CHERNOBYLChapter I. Chernobyl Conta
- Page 23 and 24: 6tled outside of Belarus, Ukraine,
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- Page 39 and 40: 22Figure 1.16. Maps of the Chernoby
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- Page 55 and 56: 38periodic journals and magazines a
- Page 57 and 58: 40Chernobyl Forum (2006). Health Ef
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- Page 61 and 62: 44TABLE 3.2. Frequency of Complaint
- Page 63 and 64: 46Figure 3.2. Number (percentage) o
- Page 65 and 66: 48TABLE 3.7. Percent of “Practica
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- Page 83 and 84: 66TABLE 5.4. Incidence of (%, M ±
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- Page 93 and 94: 76Organization (WHO) (Chernobyl For
- Page 95 and 96: 78Adequate and timely thyroid funct
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- Page 99 and 100: 82TABLE 5.24. General Endocrine Mor
- Page 101 and 102: 84of cases of autoimmune thyroiditi
- Page 103 and 104: 86between 1992 and 2001 (Moskalenko
- Page 105 and 106: 88protein X concentration in urine,
- Page 107 and 108: 90the 30-km Chernobyl zone. In 1986
- Page 109 and 110: 9211. In the 7 to 9 years after the
- Page 111 and 112: 94Figure 5.7. Chronic bronchitis an
- Page 113 and 114: 96TABLE 5.33. Respiratory Morbidity
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102from Chernobyl fallout changed o
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104TABLE 5.43. Primary Osteomuscula
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10610. From 1991 to 2000 there was
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108indicated an almost twofold incr
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110TABLE 5.49. Dynamics of Nervous
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1123. SWEDEN. A comprehensive analy
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1143. In 1991 a group of 512 childr
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116Only after 2000 did medical auth
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11819. In 7 to 8 years after the ca
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120TABLE 5.58. Digestive System Mor
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122TABLE 5.62. Overall Skin Disease
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1243. The incidence of kidney infec
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126TABLE 5.68. Incidence of Congeni
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128TABLE 5.73. Comparison of the In
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130TABLE 5.74. Congenital Malformat
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132Figure 5.15. Typical examples of
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134TABLE 5.79. Incidence (per 100,0
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136Arynchyna, N. T. & Mil’kmanovi
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138Brogger, A., Reitan, J. B., Stra
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140Drygyna, L. B. (2002). Clinical
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142Goncharova, R. I. (2000). Remote
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144September 27-29, 1999, Minsk (Be
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146Vuazen, K. (Eds.), Pulmonary Sys
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148June 4-8, 2001, Kiev, Ukraine (A
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150Noshchenko, A. G. & Loganovsky,
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152Ukr. Herald Soc. Hygien. Publ. H
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154Cytogenetic observations of chil
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156dysfunction in persons sick from
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158Tytov, L. P. (2002). Early and r
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160Zaitsev, V. A., Petrenko, S. V.
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162that all data from former republ
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164TABLE 6.4. Childhood Cancer Morb
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166Figure 6.5. General thyroid canc
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168Figure 6.7. Thyroid cancer morbi
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170Figure 6.9. Thyroid cancer morbi
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172Figure 6.12. Total I-131 contami
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174Figure 6.16. Papillary thyroid c
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176well as being a result of the ad
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178TABLE 6.11. Leukemia Morbidity (
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180TABLE 6.14. Leukemia Morbidity (
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182Figure 6.20. Breast cancer morbi
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184TABLE 6.18. Increase in Morbidit
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186Busby, C. (1995). The Wings of D
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188Ivanov, V. K. & Tsyb, A. F. (200
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190ujf-grenoble.fr/SANTE/alpesmed/e
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CHERNOBYL7. Mortality after the Che
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194Figure 7.3. Stillbirth rate (per
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196Figure 7.7. Trends of stillbirth
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198TABLE 7.1. Increase of the Rate
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200Figure 7.11. Perinatal mortality
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202Figure 7.14. Trend of infant mor
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204Figure 7.19. Trend of mortality
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206TABLE 7.6. Causes of Death (%) o
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208TABLE 7.9. Estimates of the Numb
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210TABLE 7.11. Number of Additional
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212Buzhievskaya, T. I., Tchaikovska
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214Law of Ukraine (2006). About Sta
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216to and 3 years subsequent to the
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218Figure 1. Absolute number of the
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220pathology formation, prognosis).
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222Twenty Years of Chernobyl Catast
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224TABLE 8.1. Concentration (Bq/m 3
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226Concentrations of Cs-131/Cs-134/
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228TABLE 8.6. Coefficients of Accum
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230Figure 8.2. The annual mean Cs-1
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232TABLE 8.10. Ground Deposition (k
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234ReferencesAarkrog, A. (1988). St
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236pectin-containing food additives
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238Figure 9.1. Radioautographs of p
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240TABLE 9.4. Levels of Radionuclid
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242TABLE 9.6. Inter- and Intraspeci
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244TABLE 9.8. Intensity of Cs-137 A
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246each place and time for each ind
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248TABLE 9.14. Frequency of Some Mo
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250TABLE 9.20. Change in Anthocyani
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252Grodzinsky, D. M. (2006). Reflec
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254after accident. Radiat. Biol. Ra
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256TABLE 10.1. Maximum Concentratio
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258Figure 10.2. Individual variabil
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260TABLE 10.4. Concentration of Som
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262TABLE 10.7. Some Recorded Cherno
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264isotope analyses on current and
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266TABLE 10.12. Abnormalities in La
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268TABLE 10.16. The Frequency of Do
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27015. Animals in the Chernobyl zon
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272TABLE 10.25. Immune Status of th
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274ReferencesAdamovich, V. L. (1998
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276Environmental Health (Center for
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278water bodies. Herald Nat. Belar.
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280E. V. (1996). Chromosome aberrat
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282with up to 40 Ci/km 2 (Zymenko e
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284Luk’yanova, E. M., Denysova, M
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286demonstrate a return to historic
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288enterosorbents, and Chapter IV.1
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290on contaminated foodstuffs avail
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292Figure 12.1. Countrywide mean co
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294TABLE 12.5. Concentration (pCi/l
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296TABLE 12.7. Cs-137 Body Burden i
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298Figure 12.5. Average specific ac
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300Figure 12.10. Body burden of Cs-
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302Omelyanets, N. I. (2001). Radioe
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304formation. The additives prevent
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306TABLE 13.2. EKG Normalization Re
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308increased sense of personal resp
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310Nesterenko, V. B. (2005). Radiat
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312require a separate monograph. Th
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3141. In the exclusion zone, which
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316Foods rich in K include potatoes
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CHERNOBYL15. Consequences of the Ch
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320• Inadequacy of modern knowled
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322with illnesses characteristic of
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324Chernobyl-contaminated areas, ra
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326information which can be unwante